Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39913509›Full record

ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2025

Validation of childhood lupus specific targets: ensuring accurate assessment of disease control in younger, lighter paediatric patients.

Chandni Sarker, Andrea L Jorgensen, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam, Eslam Al-Abadi, Kate Armon, Kathryn Bailey, Marek Bohm, Mary Brennan, Coziana Ciurtin, Janet Gardner-Medwin and 16 more

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Chandni SarkerDepartment of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0009-0007-0786-3422
Andrea L JorgensenDepartment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Kukatharmini TharmaratnamDepartment of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Eslam Al-AbadiDepartment of Rheumatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1999-6341
Kate ArmonDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
Kathryn BaileyDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Marek BohmDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Leeds Children Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Mary BrennanDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK.
Coziana CiurtinCentre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8911-4113
Janet Gardner-MedwinDepartment of Child Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Daniel P HawleyDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
Alison KinderDepartment of Rheumatology, Leicester Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS trust, Leicester, UK.
Alice LeahyDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
Gulshan MalikPaediatric Rheumatology, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK.
Zoe McLarenRheumatology Department, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Elena MoraitisDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Ellen MosleyDepartment of Paediatrics, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK.
Athimalaipet V RamananDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust & Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Satyapal RangarajDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
Annie RatcliffeDepartment of Paediatrics, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK.
Philip RileyDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
Heather RostronDepartment of Paediatric Rheumatology, Leeds Children Hospital, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8324-3451
Ethan S SenPaediatric Rheumatology, Great North Children's Hospital & Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Christian M HedrichDepartment of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Michael W BeresfordDepartment of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Eve M D SmithDepartment of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8371-7597

Funding

Alder Hey Children'sExperimental Arthritis Treatment Centre for ChildrenLupus UK JXR10500Lupus UK JXR12309Medical Research Foundation Emerging Lupus Leaders Prize JXR31168NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of LiverpoolVersus Arthritis ARUK-20621
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo validate novel childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) treat-to-target targets including childhood lupus low disease activity state (cLLDAS), cSLE clinical remission on steroids (cCR) and cSLE clinical remission off steroids (cCR-0), as compared with adult-onset SLE (aSLE) targets.

methodsAttainment of the aforementioned cSLE-specific and aSLE-specific targets (LLDAS, DORIS 2021 Remission) was assessed at each visit in UK JSLE Cohort Study patients. Univariable and multivariable Prentice-Williams-Peterson (PWP) gap-time models investigated the impact of target attainment on new damage and severe flare.

resultsThe cohort included 430 cSLE patients. Attainability was comparable between corresponding cSLE and aSLE targets. Achieving cLLDAS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.18 [95% CI: 0.14, 0.23]), cCR (HR 0.18 [0.13, 0.23]) and cCR-0 (HR 0.17 [0.13, 0.23]) reduced the risk of severe flare (all P < 0.001). Risk of new damage was reduced in those reaching cLLDAS (HR 0.22 [0.11, 0.44]), cCR (HR 0.25 [0.13, 0.49]) and cCR-0 (HR 0.30 [0.15, 0.60]) (all P < 0.001). Inappropriate attainment of LLDAS and DORIS remission occurred at 35 and 52 visits, respectively, in younger (median age 7.3 and 8.8 years, respectively) and lighter (median weight 26.8 and 37.1 kg, respectively) patients whilst on prednisolone doses that precluded cSLE target attainment (median 0.17 [IQR 0.16-0.24] and 0.13 [IQR 0.11-0.16] mg/kg/day, respectively).

conclusionsThis study validates novel paediatric-specific targets, demonstrating that achieving cLLDAS, cCR and cCR-0 reduces risks of new damage and severe flare, which is comparable to aSLE targets. Using cSLE-specific targets prevents misclassification of disease activity in paediatric patients, enabling more accurate disease control assessments in younger, lighter patients.

Indexed as

Lupus Erythematosus, SystemicAdolescentAdultAge of OnsetChildFemaleGlucocorticoidsHumansMaleRemission InductionSeverity of Illness IndexGlucocorticoidschildhood-SLEcSLElow disease activityremissionT2Ttreat-to-target

Identifiers

PMID39913509
PMCPMC12107070

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