Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39913211›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

G-quadruplexes catalyze protein folding by reshaping the energetic landscape.

Zijue Huang, Kingshuk Ghosh, Frederick Stull, Scott Horowitz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. RNA G-Quadruplexes Function as a Tunable Switch of FUS Phase Separation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. G-quadruplexes and their unexpected ability to fold proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zijue HuangDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208.ORCID 0000-0002-4870-6083
Kingshuk GhoshDepartment of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208.ORCID 0000-0003-4976-0986
Frederick StullDepartment of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008.ORCID 0000-0002-2969-4224
Scott HorowitzDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208.ORCID 0000-0002-1148-0105

Funding

Nucleic Acids Roles in Protein Folding and AggregationR35GM142442 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DENVER (COLORADO SEMINARY) · PI Scott Andrew Horowitz · 2021 to 2026
$2.4M
Modeling Conformational Ensembles of the Disordered ProteinsR01GM138901 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DENVER (COLORADO SEMINARY) · PI GHOSH, KINGSHUK · 2020 to 2024
$1.3M
HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R01GM138901HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R35GM142442NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM138901NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM142442NSF (NSF) 2236541
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many proteins have slow folding times in vitro that are physiologically untenable. To combat this challenge, ATP-dependent chaperonins are thought to possess the unique ability to catalyze protein folding. Performing quantitative model selection using protein folding and unfolding data, we here show that short nucleic acids containing G-quadruplex (G4) structure can also catalyze protein folding. Performing the experiments as a function of temperature demonstrates that the G4 reshapes the underlying driving forces of protein folding. As short nucleic acids can catalyze protein folding without the input of ATP, the ability of the cell to fold proteins is far higher than previously anticipated.

Indexed as

G-QuadruplexesProtein FoldingAdenosine TriphosphateCatalysisModels, MolecularTemperatureThermodynamicsAdenosine Triphosphatechaperoneenergy landscapeprotein foldingquadruplexRNA

Identifiers

PMID39913211
PMCPMC11831120

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.