Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39912698›Full record

ArticleAcademic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine2025

"He was not listening to hear me": Parent experiences with communication, inclusion, and marginalization in the pediatric emergency department.

Colleen K Gutman, Antionette McFarlane, Rosemarie Fernandez, K Casey Lion, Paul L Aronson, Carma L Bylund, Nancy Joseph, Maria L Mecias, Carla L Fisher

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A Team Approach to Patient-Centered Communication in the Emergency Department.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Colleen K GutmanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6113-5799
Antionette McFarlaneDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Rosemarie FernandezDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9588-4424
K Casey LionDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Paul L AronsonDepartment of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5040-5845
Carma L BylundDepartment of Health Outcomes and Bioinformatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Nancy JosephDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Maria L MeciasDepartment of Spanish and Portuguese Studies, University of Florida College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Carla L FisherDepartment of Health Outcomes and Bioinformatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Funding

Patient-centered communication in pediatric emergency medicine: A foundational investigation of physician behaviorsK23MD018639 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Colleen Kays Gutman · 2023 to 2026
$621k
NIMHD NIH HHS K23 MD018639NIMHD NIH HHS K23MD018639
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveInequities in pediatric emergency department (ED) care may be influenced by disparities in clinician communication. We sought to examine, from the perspective of parents from marginalized racial and ethnic backgrounds, how clinician-parent communication is characterized during pediatric ED visits.

methodsWe conducted and analyzed in-depth semistructured individual interviews with parents of pediatric ED patients from marginalized racial and ethnic backgrounds. We applied a constant comparative method approach to conduct a thematic analysis informed by grounded theory. To ensure rigor, we collected and analyzed data concurrently. We used the patient-centered communication (PCC) framework and the 10 principles of Public Health Critical Race Praxis as sensitizing constructs during analysis. Two coders followed several analytical steps: (1) open coding for concept discovery, (2) grouping concepts into themes, (3) axial coding to identify thematic properties, and (4) identification of exemplar excerpts for rich description. Thematic saturation was based on repetition, recurrence, and forcefulness.

resultsNineteen parents participated. Parents described three clinician communicative behaviors that facilitated their sense of inclusion or marginalization: information exchange, empathic communication, and partnership-building. Parents also stressed the importance of their own proactive communication in facilitating their inclusion. Few participants described experiencing racism during their child's ED visit, yet many did during prior health care encounters, which they connected to their current experience. In particular, parents described how their use of proactive communication was motivated by their past experiences of racism in medical encounters.

conclusionsThese narratives demonstrate ways in which experienced racism, both past and present, may inform how parents receive and respond to gaps in PCC. Communication focused interventions that adapt a race-conscious perspective may have a role in promoting health equity.

Indexed as

CommunicationEmergency Service, HospitalParentsProfessional-Family RelationsAdultChildFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHumansInterviews as TopicMaleQualitative ResearchCommunicationHealth disparitiesPediatrics

Identifiers

PMID39912698
PMCPMC12404273

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.