ArticleClinics in orthopedic surgery2025
Patterns of Avulsion and Osteochondral Fractures Associated with Patellar Dislocations: A Descriptive Study Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography.
Article in Clinics in orthopedic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Femoral Tunnel Position Thresholds Associated With Functional Outcomes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This retrospective study aimed to analyze avulsion and osteochondral fractures associated with patellar dislocation using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients admitted between 2015 and 2023 with acute or recurrent patellar dislocations. A musculoskeletal radiologist and 2 orthopedic surgeons evaluated CT scans of 148 patients (160 knees) to identify and categorize all avulsion and osteochondral fractures. The included fracture patterns were as follows: pattern I: medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) avulsion from the upper two-thirds of the patella, pattern II: medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL) and medial patellomeniscal ligament (MPML) avulsion from the lower one-third, pattern III: inferomedial patellar facet osteochondral fracture, pattern IV: lateral femoral condyle osteochondral fracture, and pattern V: MPFL avulsion from the femoral footprint. The dimensions of patellar articular surface osteochondral fractures were measured, and patient age, sex, and side were recorded. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were performed. Results: A total of 148 patients (93 female and 55 male patients) with a mean age of 18.7 ± 6.8 years were included. Of these, 116 patients (72.5%) had 1 or more fractures, with 71 (44.4%) having isolated lesions and 45 (28.1%) having combined lesions. Pattern II was the most prevalent, observed in 66 knees (41.2%), followed by pattern I in 52 knees (32.5%), and pattern III in 45 knees (28.1%). Patterns IV and V were seen in 4 (2.5%) and 1 (0.6%) knee, respectively. The mean articular fragment size in pattern III was 128.4 ± 95.6 mm Conclusions: This study, the first to evaluate fractures after patellar dislocation using 3D CT, identified 5 distinct fracture patterns. The results show that MPTL/MPML injuries are more common than previously thought, challenging traditional views on patellar dislocation injuries and emphasizing the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.