A multi-level meta-analysis of the relationship between decision-making during birth and postpartum mental health.

Introduction: There is accumulating evidence of ineffective decision-making between birthing individuals and healthcare providers during childbirth. While research syntheses have demonstrated that negative birth experiences are associated with postpartum mental health, primary quantitative studies linking specific decision-making measures and mental health outcomes have not been synthesised. The present study aims to fill this gap in order to provide hands-on evidence on how to further improve perinatal care. Methods: A systematic literature search using Bolean logic was conducted. A final set of 34 publications from 14 different countries could be included in our meta-analysis. Measures of intrapartum decision-making were consolidated into four key domains: information, respect, control, and involvement. We conducted multi-level meta-analyses to assess the overall relationship of intra-partum decision-making and mental-health outcomes, as well as the specific correlations associated with each decision-making domain. Results: Our analysisrevealed that less effective intrapartum decision-making is associated with more postpartum overall mental health problems ( Conclusions: Ineffective decision-making is a significant contributing factor to the development of adverse postpartum mental health problems outcomes. Implications for practice concern establishing numerous antenatal care contacts as a standard to enhance birth preparedness for both birthing individuals and providers. Additionally, measuring the experience of intrapartum decision-making as an indicator of quality of care as a default to monitor, analyse, and improve decision-making and to facilitate accountability systems.