ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Immune regulatory genes impact the hot/cold tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Macrophage polarization plasticity in pulmonary fibrosis: a review from pathogenesis to therapeutic targeting.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- 25 Years of Cancer Immunoediting: Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Filled the Missing Gap.Cancers · 2026Review
- Fatty Acid Metabolism in Health and Cancer: From Fundamental Mechanisms to Therapeutic Application.MedComm · 2026Review
- BIRC6 prevents GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and promotes cisplatin resistance via a non-canonical UBC domain-dependent steric hindrance.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Localization of dendritic cells and T cells within the tumor microenvironment in different types of skin cancer.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- The "Cold Tumor" to "Hot Tumor" transformation strategy for triple-negative breast cancer: from mechanism to clinical translation.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Molecular stratification of esophageal adenocarcinoma: implications for prognosis and treatment strategy.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy role in bladder cancer treatment: a review of literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Development and validation of an interpretable prediction model using spatial patterns of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in H&E-stained whole-slide images for immune subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer analysis identifies LMBR1L as a prognostic and immunological biomarker with validation in colorectal cancer.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Identification of USP39 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for determining the response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- From Spatial Patterns to Prognosis: Decoding Single-Cell Architecture in Cancer with Hyperplex Immunofluorescence Imaging.Journal of Cancer · 2025Review
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Background and aims: Immunologically hot tumors, characterized by an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME), contrast significantly with immunologically cold tumors. The identification of these tumor immune subtypes holds clinical significance, as hot tumors may exhibit improved prognoses and heightened responsiveness to checkpoint blockade therapy. Nevertheless, as yet there is no consensus regarding the clinically relevant definition of hot/cold tumors, and the influence of immune genes on the formation of hot/cold tumors remains poorly understood. Methods: Data for 33 different types of cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and their immune composition was assessed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Tumors were categorized as either hot or cold based on their distinct immune composition, ongoing immune response, and overall survival. A customized immunogram was created to identify important immunological characteristics. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Hallmark pathway enrichment were evaluated through gene set variation analysis. Additionally, hub genes that regulate the tumor microenvironment were identified, and their expression patterns were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, drug sensitivity and molecular docking analyses were performed to identify potential drug candidates capable of transforming cold tumors into hot tumors. For validation, a clinical cohort of patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma was examined using multiplex immunohistochemistry. Results: We were able to differentiate between hot and cold tumors in various types of cancer (bladder urothelial carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma) by analyzing the presence of CD8+ T cells, activated natural killer cells, and M2-type macrophages, as well as the cytolytic activity and T cell proliferation. Hub genes that regulate the TME, including Conclusion: In this study, we developed a framework for discerning clinically significant immune subtypes across various cancer types, further identifying several potential targets for converting cold tumors into hot tumors to enhance anticancer treatment efficacy.
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