Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39911511›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE2025

Association between social activities and risk of COVID-19 in a cohort of healthcare personnel.

Holly Shoemaker, Haojia Li, Yue Zhang, Jeanmarie Mayer, Michael Rubin, Candace Haroldsen, Morgan M Millar, Per H Gesteland, Andrew T Pavia, Lindsay T Keegan and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Holly Shoemaker *Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-3269
Haojia Li *Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-4341
Yue ZhangDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Jeanmarie MayerDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Michael RubinIDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Candace HaroldsenIDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Morgan M MillarDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5532-6970
Per H GestelandDivision of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-8122
Andrew T PaviaDivision of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-580X
Lindsay T KeeganDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-3007
Jessica Marie ColeDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3934-3170
Egenia DorsanDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Matthew DoaneDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Kristina StratfordDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Matthew SamoreIDEAS Center of Innovation, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Funding

CTSA UM1 Program at University of UtahUM1TR004409 · NCATS · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI RACHEL HESS, Jennifer Juhl Majersik · 2023 to 2026
$21.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004409
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies have linked social behaviors to COVID-19 risk in the general population. The impact of these behaviors among healthcare personnel, who face higher workplace exposure risks and possess greater prevention awareness, remains less explored. Design: We conducted a Prospective cohort study from December 2021 to May 2022, using monthly surveys. Exposures included (1) a composite of nine common social activities in the past month and (2) similarity of social behavior compared to pre-pandemic. Outcomes included self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection (primary)and testing for SARS-CoV-2 (secondary). Mixed-effect logistic regression assessed the association between social behavior and outcomes, adjusting for baseline and time-dependent covariates. To account for missed surveys, we employed inverse probability-of-censoring weighting with a propensity score approach. Setting: An academic healthcare system. Participants: Healthcare personnel. Results: Of 1,302 healthcare personnel who completed ≥2 surveys, 244 reported ≥1 positive test during the study, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 19%. More social activities in the past month and social behavior similar to pre-pandemic levels were associated with increased likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection (recent social activity composite: OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21; pre-pandemic social similarity: OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21). Neither was significantly associated with testing for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Healthcare personnel social behavior outside work was associated with a higher risk for COVID-19. To protect the hospital workforce, risk mitigation strategies for healthcare personnel should focus on both the community and workplace.

Identifiers

PMID39911511
PMCPMC11795425

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.