ReviewHeliyon2025
Human immune system: Exploring diversity across individuals and populations.
Review in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitiligo Information Resource database v3.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- PTPN1/PTPN2 inhibition improves NK cancer therapy by enhancing IL-2 and mitigating TGFβ1 responses.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Beyond PAD Inhibition: Emerging Avenues and Natural Products for Targeting Citrullination in Immune Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- A machine learning framework predicts oncogenic driver mutations from SNP profiles in lung adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Personalized Interpretation of CBC and the Role of CRP in Early Detection and Monitoring of Blood Infection or Sepsis: A Diagnostic Perspective.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Subtype-dependent PD-L1 stability and immune context shape immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Skin microbiome variation in people living with HIV: associations with antiretroviral therapy and host factors.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- An optimized spectral flow cytometry pipeline for longitudinal blood leukocyte immunophenotyping reveals stable, individually distinct immune signatures.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Upregulation of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in traumatic brain injury patients and their potential as biomarkers.PloS one · 2026Article
- The immune system as a guardian of health: micronutrient support and lifelong protection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Molecular analysis of immune cell subsets and cytokine profiles in septic Vietnamese patients.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- A quadral biosignature of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12 and IP-10 increases the diagnostic potential for latent tuberculosis among diabetic patients in Uganda.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Delayed Cellular Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Antibody-Non-Responders to COVID-19 Vaccination: Rethinking Post-Vaccine Immune Assessment.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Decoupled dynamics of absolute and relative lymphocyte counts and age-polarized CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases and prediction of the therapy effectiveness based on the individual's immunotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune response is an intricate system that involves the complex connection of cellular and molecular components, each with distinct functional specialisations. It has a distinct capacity to adjust and mould the immune response in accordance with specific stimuli, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The presence of genetic diversity, particularly across different ethnic and racial groups, significantly contributes to the impact of incidence of diseases, disease susceptibility, autoimmune disorders, and cancer risks in specific regions and certain populations. Environmental factors, including geography and socioeconomic status, further modulate the variety of the immune system responses. These, in turn, affect the susceptibility to infectious diseases and development of autoimmune disorders. Despite the complexity of the relationship, there remains a gap in understanding the specificity of immune indices across races, immune reference ranges among populations, highlighting the need for deeper understanding of immune diversity for personalized approaches in diagnostics and therapeutics. This review systematically organizes these findings, with the goal of emphasizing the potential of targeted interventions to address health disparities and advance translational research, enabling a more comprehensive strategy. This approach promises significant advancements in identifying specific immunological conditions, focusing on personalized interventions, through both genetic and environmental factors.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.