ArticleHaematologica2025
Deep immunophenotypic dissection and clinical impact of T cells in the follicular lymphoma microenvironment.
Article in Haematologica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The implications of TMSB4X in TIM3 hypermethylation and CD8Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent B-cell lymphoma with a heterogenous disease course, and patients may not require immediate treatment upon diagnosis. Scrutiny of its microenvironment may provide key insights into lymphomagenesis and enhancement of therapeutic options. We analyzed the T-cell composition of a large, well-annotated follicular hyperplasia (FH; N=43) cohort utilizing standardized high dimensionality flow cytometry (>150,000 cells analyzed/sample) and a novel reproducible analytical pipeline leading to identification of even minor T-cell subsets. This baseline reference set was compared to prospectively collected FL samples (N=91) from untreated patients (FL-UT) and patients with relapsed/refractory disease (FL-RR). Compared to FH, both FL-UT and FL-RR specimens exhibited depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ naïve subsets and were characterized by an immune suppressive microenvironment enriched in specific inhibitory T cells, along with exhausted memory T cells overexpressing varying combinations of immune checkpoint receptors. FL specimens showed enrichment of T-follicular regulatory cells (TFR) and two highly suppressive regulatory T-cell (T-reg) populations expressing TIGIT and CTLA4 (TC) and PD1, TIGIT, CTLA4, and TIM3 (PTCTi). FL-UT cases with either increased T-reg TC or increased T-follicular helper cells (TFH) showed reduced time to first treatment (</= 3 months). Our study suggests that changes in the balance between TFR, T-reg and TFH may lead to greater tumor growth and identifies factors that are associated with earlier time to treatment in FL-UT. We also identified specific combinations of immune checkpoint receptors that may be used to target specific inhibitory T-cell subsets and regulatory cells in FL to increase anti-tumor immune response.
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Registered trials
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