Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39911018›Full record

ReviewPsychological medicine2025

New diagnosis in psychiatry: beyond heuristics.

Patrick D McGorry, Ian B Hickie, Roman Kotov, Lianne Schmaal, Stephen J Wood, Sophie M Allan, Kürşat Altınbaş, Niall Boyce, Laura F Bringmann, Avshalom Caspi and 16 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Transdiagnostic prevention in youth mental health, Part I: rationale, shared risk factors.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Psychiatry in the real world.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Patrick D McGorryOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3789-6168
Ian B HickieBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Roman KotovDepartment of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Lianne SchmaalOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Stephen J WoodOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Sophie M AllanNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Kürşat AltınbaşDepartment of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
Niall BoyceWellcome, London, UK.
Laura F BringmannDepartment of Psychometrics and Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Avshalom CaspiDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Bruce CuthbertNational Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Łukasz GawędaExperimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Robin N GroenInterdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Sinan GuloksuzDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jessica A HartmannOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Robert F KruegerDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Cristina MeiOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Dorien NiemanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dost ÖngürDepartment of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
Andrea RaballoChair of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
Marten SchefferWageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Marieke J SchreuderInterdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jai L ShahDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Johanna T W WigmanInterdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Hok Pan YuenOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Barnaby NelsonOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Funding

U19 MIDlife in the United States-Diversity Supplement-WellsU19AG051426 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CAROL D. RYFF · 2016 to 2026
$74.8M
The impact of adverse interpersonal experiences (AIE) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in ethnically diverse twinsR01AG053217 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Robert F Krueger, Glenn I Roisman · 2016 to 2026
$9.1M
Antecedents of Adult Physical Health and Cognitive Risks for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in Adolescent Family Experiences: A Prospective, Longitudinal Adoption StudyR01AG077742 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Robert F Krueger, Glenn I Roisman · 2022 to 2026
$3.9M
Fonds de Recherche du Québec - SantéNIA NIH HHS R01 AG053217NIA NIH HHS R01 AG077742NIA NIH HHS U19 AG051426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiagnosis in psychiatry faces familiar challenges. Validity and utility remain elusive, and confusion regarding the fluid and arbitrary border between mental health and illness is increasing. The mainstream strategy has been conservative and iterative, retaining current nosology until something better emerges. However, this has led to stagnation. New conceptual frameworks are urgently required to catalyze a genuine paradigm shift.

methodsWe outline candidate strategies that could pave the way for such a paradigm shift. These include the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), and Clinical Staging, which all promote a blend of dimensional and categorical approaches.

resultsThese alternative still heuristic transdiagnostic models provide varying levels of clinical and research utility. RDoC was intended to provide a framework to reorient research beyond the constraints of DSM. HiTOP began as a nosology derived from statistical methods and is now pursuing clinical utility. Clinical Staging aims to both expand the scope and refine the utility of diagnosis by the inclusion of the dimension of timing. None is yet fit for purpose. Yet they are relatively complementary, and it may be possible for them to operate as an ecosystem. Time will tell whether they have the capacity singly or jointly to deliver a paradigm shift.

conclusionsSeveral heuristic models have been developed that separately or synergistically build infrastructure to enable new transdiagnostic research to define the structure, development, and mechanisms of mental disorders, to guide treatment and better meet the needs of patients, policymakers, and society.

Indexed as

HeuristicsMental DisordersPsychiatryDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersHumansClinical StagingClinical UtilityComplex SystemsNetwork AnalysisParadigm ShiftPsychiatric DiagnosisResearch Domain Criteria (RDoC)the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)

Identifiers

PMID39911018
PMCPMC12017357

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.