Observational studyScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2025
Pain assessment and management of adult patients in the Swedish EMS: a nationwide registry study.
Observational study in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prehospital Emergency Nurse competence and pain management in patients with acute abdominal pain: a retrospective observational study.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Management of Mild to Moderate Pain from Triage to Discharge in the Emergency Department: A Multidisciplinary Delphi Consensus from the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine (SIMEU).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Physiological correlates of pain in preterm infants: evidence from a meta-analytic approach.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Association between blood cortisol levels and numerical rating scale in prehospital pain assessment.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Response to letter to the editor: Awareness strategies and the physiological impact of pain in prehospital analgesia management.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Variations in Prehospital Analgesic Use Based on Pain Etiology.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Pain Assessment and Its Effect on Pain Management During Emergency Medical Services-A Descriptive Study in the Tampere University Hospital Area of Finland.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Adverse Reactions Following First-Dose Administration of Co-Crystal of Tramadol-Celecoxib Versus Tramadol Alone for Moderate-To-Severe Acute Pain.Pain and therapy · 2025Article
- Awareness strategies and the physiological impact of pain in prehospital analgesia management.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundPain is a frequent reason for contacting the Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and effective pain management constitutes one of its cornerstones. The aims of this study have been: (a) to describe the prevalence of pain intensity ratings in EMS care of patients with pain-related conditions; (b) to describe pain treatment in the EMS setting in terms of drugs administered and the proportion of patients receiving analgesics and (c) to investigate the relationship between patients' self-reported pain intensity and vital signs.
methodsThis is a retrospective observational cohort study using data from 394,700 EMS missions conducted 2021 and 2022, as recorded in the Swedish Ambulance Registry. The study focused on patients who contacted the EMS due to pain, trauma, or injury. Pain intensity was recorded using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). NRS scores of 5-10 were considered as high-level pain and NRS ≤ 4 as low-level. Descriptive statistics were used to present categorical and continuous variables. Chi-square tests were applied for dichotomous variables, while Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for ordinal data. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with pain intensity and analgesic treatment. p value < 0.001 was considered statistically significant.
resultsPain intensity was recorded in 23.6% of cases. Most patients rated their pain as high-level (NRS 5-10, 57.4% of those assessed). Analgesics were administered in 27.5% of cases, with higher administration rates observed when pain intensity was documented. Female sex, higher breathing rates, and higher systolic blood pressure were associated with higher pain intensity, while increasing age was associated with lower odds of reporting high-level pain intensity. No significant association was found between heart rate and pain intensity.
conclusionThis 2-year cohort study highlights significant deficiencies in recorded pain assessment and management in the Swedish EMS. Only 22.5% of the patients had their pain assessed with a validated scale, while 27.5% received analgesics, although pain-related conditions were a common reason for contacting the EMS. The findings indicate a lack of systematic pain assessment which puts many patients at risk of insufficient pain relief.
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