Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39910542›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

The impact of temperature on the shear bond strength of conventional multi-step and self-adhesive orthodontic adhesive systems: an in-vitro study.

Grėtė Kazlauskaitė, Rytis Vaitiekūnas, Kristina Lopatienė, Audrius Jutas, Benedikta Palesik, Dalia Smailienė

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The Effect of Preheating, Resin-Based Composite, and Wire Types of Orthodontic Lingual Fixed Retainers on the Load at Failure: A Comparative In-Vitro Study.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Grėtė KazlauskaitėFaculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos-Daumanto str. 2, Kaunas, LT-50106, Lithuania. grete.kazlauskaite@stud.lsmu.lt.
Rytis VaitiekūnasFaculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos-Daumanto str. 2, Kaunas, LT-50106, Lithuania.
Kristina LopatienėDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos-Daumanto str. 6, Kaunas, LT-50106, Lithuania.
Audrius JutasDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų str. 56, r. 342, Kaunas, LT-51424, Lithuania.
Benedikta PalesikDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos-Daumanto str. 6, Kaunas, LT-50106, Lithuania.
Dalia SmailienėDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos-Daumanto str. 6, Kaunas, LT-50106, Lithuania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA recurring issue during orthodontic treatment is the detachment of brackets from the tooth surface, which proves problematic for both the patient and the orthodontist. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various temperatures on the shear bond strength of metal molar tubes, using conventional multi-step and self-adhesive orthodontic adhesive systems.

methodsA total of 112 extracted human molars were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 14) for bonding tubes with two orthodontic adhesive systems (Transbond XT and GC Ortho Connect) at different temperatures: refrigeration temperature (4 °C), room temperature (20 °C), human body temperature (37 °C), and high temperature (55 °C). The shear bond strength (SBS) test was conducted using a universal testing machine set to a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to evaluate the amount of adhesive remnants on the molar surfaces. ARI scores were assessed under Carl Zeiss Stemi 2000-CS stereomicroscope with image recording camera AxioCam Mrc5 at ×10 magnification. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test, parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA), the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the chi-square test.

resultsHigher mean SBS values were obtained with Transbond XT compared to GC Ortho Connect resin; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The SBS results were lowest at 20 °C and highest at 55 °C in the Transbond XT group, and lowest at 37 °C and highest at 20 °C in the GC Ortho Connect group with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The distribution of the ARI scores between the two materials showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002), with higher ARI scores found in the Transbond XT group.

conclusionsPre-heating orthodontic adhesives prior to bonding does not affect the shear bond strength.

Indexed as

Dental BondingOrthodontic BracketsResin CementsTemperatureDental Stress AnalysisHumansIn Vitro TechniquesMaterials TestingMolarShear StrengthStress, MechanicalSurface PropertiesResin CementsTransbond XTOrthodontic adhesivesShear bond strengthTemperature

Identifiers

PMID39910542
PMCPMC11796248

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.