Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39910384›Full record

ReviewNature2025

Two-Eyed Seeing and other Indigenous perspectives for neuroscience.

J Illes, M L Perreault, K Bassil, J G Bjaalie, R L Taylor-Bragge, H Chneiweiss, T R Gregory, B N Kumar, O P Matshabane, A L Svalastog and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Cultural humility in the teaching and practice of clinical care.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  6. Advancing brain health equity with Indigenous peoples: A critical imperative.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

J IllesNeuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. jilles@mail.ubc.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-4791-8084
M L PerreaultDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. perreaum@uoguelph.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-5775-8950
K Bassil *Bioethics and Health Humanities, Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J G Bjaalie *Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-7899-906X
R L Taylor-Bragge *Murrup Bung'allambee Research Group; The Turner Institute, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Birrarangga-Naarm, Wurundjeri-Boonwurrung Biik, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8739-6647
H Chneiweiss *Department of Neuroscience and INSERM Ethics Committee, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
T R Gregory *Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
B N Kumar *Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
O P Matshabane *South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
A L Svalastog *Department of Welfare, Management and Organisation, Østfold University College Fredrikstad, Fredrikstad, Norway.
M R Velarde *University of Applied Sciences Geneva HES-SO, Geneva School of Health Science, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3747-3306

Funding

European Union’s Research and Innovation Program Horizon EuropeSwiss National Science Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of Indigenous perspectives and knowledge with biomedical approaches in neurosciences can significantly broaden the understanding of the human brain and mind. Drawing upon the writings of Elders in Canada, we refer to this integration as Two-Eyed Seeing or Etuaptmumk. We discuss how Two-Eyed Seeing and other dual perspectives can bring both breadth of knowledge and humility to the development of research and clinical practices for brain health. In this forward-looking discussion, we include both traditional academic and non-academic traditions and the work of Indigenous scholars on methodologies, life, health, culture, language and history. To describe challenges and consider solutions, we offer broad strategies for allyship, humility and universalism and situate them in four specific examples pertaining to disability, suicide, migration and the environment. We further advance the power of Two-Eyed Seeing in the context of new considerations for communication and public engagement. Two-Eyed Seeing, per se, is only one approach, but as neuroscience becomes ever more global, inclusive and ethically proactive, it must universally see the world of brain and mental health through the eyes of both reductionism and holism.

Indexed as

Indigenous PeoplesNeurosciencesBrainCanadaHumansMental Health

Identifiers

PMID39910384

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.