ReviewNature2025
Fungal impacts on Earth's ecosystems.
Abstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assays of Antifungal Activity of an Antimicrobial Peptide Against Botrytis cinerea.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of the blast fungusVirulence · 2026Review
- Synergistic antifungal activity and mechanisms of dehydronuciferine combined with fluconazole against drug-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Are novel and co-xenic associations common in alien fungal and fungus-like plant pathogens?The New phytologist · 2026Article
- The Origin and Early Evolution of Fungi: Challenges, Inferences, and Principles.Annual review of cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- A human cell-free translation screen identifies the NT-2 mycotoxin as a ribosomal inhibitor that binds the peptidyl transferase center.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Biostimulant Modulation of Soil Mycobiome Structure and Diversity andMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Review of the Therapeutic Challenges and Novel Treatment Options in Mitigating Invasive Mycosis Associated withJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Repurposing FDA-Approved Drugs to Inhibit Fungal PPTases for Broad-Spectrum Synergy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The repertoire of yeast species from human clinical samples in the United Kingdom 2016-2022: epidemiology, clinical relevance, and fluconazole resistance.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Dual-Targeting, Hybrid Antifungal Agents Targeting Candida albicans-An Overview.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Review
- CRISPRi screening reveals essential fungal vulnerabilities.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Cost-Effective Solid-State NMR Of Fungal Glucans: A Case Study On Schizosaccharomyces pombe.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Innovation in antifungal therapy.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Endophytic and ectomycorrhizal, an overlooked dual ecological niche? Insights from natural environments and Russula species.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Compromising UDP-sugar nucleotide biosynthesis attenuatesCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Addressing the dual-use of antifungals and fungal antimicrobial resistance (fAMR) through a One Health approach.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Review
- Fungal diversity, ecology and functions in soil ecosystems.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
33 authors.
Nicola T CaseDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sarah J GurrBiosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4821-0635
Matthew C FisherMRC Center for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1862-6402
David S BlehertNational Wildlife Health Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1065-9760
Charles BooneDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-3542-6760
Arturo CasadevallDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9402-9167
Anuradha ChowdharyMedical Mycology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0002-2028-7462
Christina A CuomoDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5778-960X
Cameron R CurrieDepartment of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
David W DenningManchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Iuliana V EneFungal Heterogeneity Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0390-7084
Lillian K Fritz-LaylinDepartment of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Aleeza C GersteinDepartment of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0781-9356
Neil A R GowMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2776-5850
Asiya GusaDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9915-1834
Iliyan D IlievJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0884-9749
Timothy Y JamesDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1123-5986
Hailing JinDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5778-5193
Regine KahmannMax Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7779-7837
Bruce S KleinDepartments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
James W KronstadMichael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Kyla S OstDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Kabir G PeayDepartments of Biology and Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7998-7412
Rebecca S ShapiroDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7119-8865
Donald C SheppardDepartments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Neta ShlezingerKoret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Jason E StajichDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7591-0020
Eva H StukenbrockChristian Albrecht University of Kiel and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.
John W TaylorDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5794-7700
Gerard D WrightM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9129-7131
Leah E CowenDepartment of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. leah.cowen@utoronto.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-5797-0110
Joseph HeitmanDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. heitm001@duke.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-6369-5995
Julia A SegreMicrobial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. jsegre@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0001-6860-348X
Funding
PROTECTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES TO BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDISR01AI040996 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI KLEIN, BRUCE STEVEN, WUETHRICH, MARCEL · 1997 to 2023
$10.4MStructure, function, and evolution of the Cryptococcus MAT locusR01AI050113 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 2002 to 2024
$8.5MSynergy of Host Defense Mechanisms in the LungR01HL059842 · NHLBI · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 1997 to 2023
$7.4MMolecular Pathogenesis of BlastomycosisR37AI035681 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI BRUCE Steven KLEIN · 2004 to 2026
$6.9MROLE OF CALCINEURIN IN C. NEOFORMANS MATING AND FRUITINGR01AI039115 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HEITMAN, JOSEPH · 1997 to 2025
$6.7MBiology of Fungal MelaninR01AI052733 · NIAID · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 2003 to 2019
$6.6MNovel Combination Adjuvant for Eliciting Systemic and Mucosal CD8 T Cell MemoryU01AI124299 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI KLEIN, BRUCE STEVEN, SURESH, MARULASIDDAPPA · 2016 to 2025
$6.2MMicrobial Pathogenesis &Host Responses Training ProgramT32AI055397 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI KLEIN, BRUCE STEVEN · 2003 to 2024
$5.5MSystematic Analysis of Morphogenesis, Commensalism, and Virulence in a Leading Human Fungal PathogenR01AI127375 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO · PI LEAH Elizabeth Cowen · 2017 to 2026
$5.3MConjugate vaccines for prevention and treatment of cryptococcosis - COVID-19 Revision SupplementR01AI152078 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CASADEVALL, ARTURO · 2020 to 2024
$5.1MThe Genetic Basis of Virulence in Cryptococcus NeoformansR01AI133654 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI JOSEPH HEITMAN, Paul Mitaari Magwene · 2017 to 2026
$4.7MEvolution of Aspergillus fumigatus virulenceR01AI130128 · NIAID · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI Robert Andrew Cramer · 2017 to 2026
$4.5MNCI NIH HHS R01 CA286920NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL059842NIAID NIH HHS DP2 AI177927NIAID NIH HHS K99 AI166094NIAID NIH HHS R00 AI166094NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI039115NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI040996NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050113NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI052733NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127375NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127548NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130128NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI133654NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152078NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI162789NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI163007NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI165466NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI168370NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170543NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI172451NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI178683NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI168672NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI035681NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI055397NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI124299NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK113136NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK121977NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM136379
Abstract
Over the past billion years, the fungal kingdom has diversified to more than two million species, with over 95% still undescribed. Beyond the well-known macroscopic mushrooms and microscopic yeast, fungi are heterotrophs that feed on almost any organic carbon, recycling nutrients through the decay of dead plants and animals and sequestering carbon into Earth's ecosystems. Human-directed applications of fungi extend from leavened bread, alcoholic beverages and biofuels to pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics and psychoactive compounds. Conversely, fungal infections pose risks to ecosystems ranging from crops to wildlife to humans; these risks are driven, in part, by human and animal movement, and might be accelerating with climate change. Genomic surveys are expanding our knowledge of the true biodiversity of the fungal kingdom, and genome-editing tools make it possible to imagine harnessing these organisms to fuel the bioeconomy. Here, we examine the fungal threats facing civilization and investigate opportunities to use fungi to combat these threats.
Indexed as
Earth, PlanetEcosystemFungiAnimalsBiodiversityBiofuelsClimate ChangeHumansMycosesBiofuels
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.