ArticleNature2025
The genetic origin of the Indo-Europeans.
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Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers.
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17citing papers in PubMed
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17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Local ancestry inference identifies robust evidence of selection in Neolithic Europe.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
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- Ancient DNA evidence for the history of the Albanians.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Mesopotamian ancient DNA reveals Iron Age integration of heterogeneous Bronze Age genetic ancestries following resettlement.Genome biology · 2026Article
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- Horse genetics, archaeology, and the beginning of riding.Science advances · 2026Review
- Genetic and linguistic landscapes of Gansu-Qinghai populations.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- Multifaceted ceramic analysis in the study of political expansion: Insights from the Zhou expansion in Shandong, China.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Reconstruction of the lifeways of Central European Late Bronze Age communities using ancient DNA, isotope and osteoarchaeological analyses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Uniparental analysis of Deep Maniot Greeks reveals genetic continuity from the pre-Medieval era.Communications biology · 2026Article
- A topological map of the genetic components of grapevine-Admixture meets SOMmelier machine learning.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Ancient genomes from Ladakh reveal 2800-year-old mixture between Tibetans and South Asians.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rare uniparental lineages reveal external ancestries in the gene pool of the Italian linguistic enclave of Grecìa Salentina.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inferring Domestic Goat Demographic History Through Ancient Genome Imputation.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Ancient genomes from eastern Kazakhstan reveal dynamic genetic legacy of Inner Eurasian hunter-gatherers.Science advances · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal reconstruction of Corded Ware and Bell Beaker burial rituals reveals complex dynamics divergent from steppe ancestry.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
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Authors and funding
94 authors.
Iosif Lazaridis *Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. lazaridis@fas.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-4094-9347
Nick Patterson *Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. nickp@broadinstitute.org.ORCID 0000-0003-0302-684X
David Anthony *Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. AnthonyD@hartwick.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9122-0313
Leonid Vyazov *Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. l.a.vyazov@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-2074-9276
Romain FournierDepartment of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2790-2445
Harald RingbauerDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4884-9682
Iñigo OlaldeDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2660-6807
Alexander A KhokhlovSamara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia.
Egor P KitovCenter of Human Ecology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-0159-3288
Natalia I ShishlinaDepartment of Archaeology, State History Museum, Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-9638-0156
Sorin C Ailincăi"Gavrilă Simion" Eco-Museum Research Institute, Tulcea, Romania.
Danila S AgapovHistorical Ecological and Cultural Association Povolzje, Samara Regional Public Organization, Samara, Russia.ORCID 0009-0004-7052-4755
Sergey A AgapovHistorical Ecological and Cultural Association Povolzje, Samara Regional Public Organization, Samara, Russia.
Elena BatievaAzov History, Archaeology and Palaeontology Museum-Reserve, Azov, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-5703-117X
Baitanayev BauyrzhanInstitute of Archaeology named after A.Kh Margulan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Zsolt BereczkiDepartment of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Alexandra BuzhilovaResearch Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-6398-2177
Piya ChangmaiDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.ORCID 0000-0003-3307-0585
Andrey A ChizhevskyInstitute of Archeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.
Ion CiobanuOrheiul Vechi Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova.
Mihai ConstantinescuFr. I Rainer Institute of Anthropology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Marietta CsányiDamjanich János Museum, Szolnok, Hungary.
János DaniDepartment of Archaeology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-4327-0038
Peter K DashkovskiyDepartment of Regional Studies of Russia, National and State-Confessional Relations, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-4933-8809
Sándor ÉvingerDepartment of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum-Hungarian National Museum Public Collection Centre, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-8974-9848
Anatoly FaifertResearch Institute GAUK RO "Don Heritage", Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Pavel FlegontovDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9759-4981
Alin FrînculeasaPrahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, Ploiești, Romania.
Mădălina N FrînculeasaDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University Valahia of Târgoviște, Târgovişte, Romania.
Tamás HajduDepartment of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-3604-1125
Tom HighamDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-5949-598X
Paweł JaroszDepartment of Mountain and Highland Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, Poland.
Pavol JelínekSlovak National Museum-Archaeological Museum, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Valeri I KhartanovichPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Department of Physical Anthropology, St. Petersburg, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-5533-0686
Eduard N KirginekovState Autonomous Cultural Institution of the Republic of Khakassia "Khakassian National Museum of Local Lore named after L.R. Kyzlasova", Abakan, Russia.
Viktória KissInstitute of Archaeology, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-6577-9081
Alexandera KitovaCentre for Egyptological Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Alexeiy V KiyashkoDepartment of Archaeology and History of the Ancient World, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Jovan KoledinMuseum of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Arkady KorolevSamara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia.
Pavel KosintsevDepartment of History of the Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Gabriella KulcsárInstitute of Archaeology, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-3295-1156
Pavel KuznetsovSamara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-4898-5350
Rabadan MagomedovInstitute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography, Dagestan Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
Aslan M MamedovInstitute of Archaeology named after A.Kh Margulan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Eszter MelisInstitute of Archaeology, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-5016-5108
Vyacheslav MoiseyevPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Department of Physical Anthropology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Erika MolnárDepartment of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Janet MongeIndependent researcher, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Octav NegreaPrahova County Museum of History and Archaeology, Ploiești, Romania.
Nadezhda A NikolaevaDepartment of General History, Historical and Literary Institute of the State University of Education, Ministry of Education Moscow, Moscow, Russia.
Mario NovakCentre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-4567-8742
Maria Ochir-GoryaevaKalmyk Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Elista, Russia.
György PálfiDepartment of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-0989-4090
Sergiu PopoviciNational Agency for Archaeology, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova.ORCID 0000-0002-8575-8667
Marina P RykunNational Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
Tatyana M SavenkovaV.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-0426-6522
Vladimir P SemibratovDepartment of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.
Nikolai N SereginLaboratory of Ancient and Medieval Archaeology of Eurasia, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-8051-7127
Alena ŠefčákováSlovak National Museum-Natural History Museum, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-4957-9944
Raikhan S MussayevaInstitute of Archaeology named after A.Kh Margulan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Irina ShingirayFaculty of History, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Vladimir N ShirokovCenter for Stone Age Archeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Angela SimalcsikOrheiul Vechi Cultural-Natural Reserve, Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova.ORCID 0000-0001-8639-3535
Kendra SirakDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2347-3479
Konstantin N SolodovnikovTyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen, Russia.ORCID 0000-0003-0925-7219
Judit TárnokiDamjanich János Museum, Szolnok, Hungary.
Alexey A TishkinDepartment of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-7769-136X
Viktor TrifonovInstitute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.
Sergey VasilyevInstitute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0003-0128-6568
Ali AkbariDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Esther S BrielleDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6114-0301
Kim CallanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3170-8514
Francesca CandilioMuseo delle Civiltà, Italian Ministry of Culture, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4668-1361
Olivia CheronetDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-6760-1204
Elizabeth CurtisDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0263-0765
Olga FlegontovaDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.
Lora IlievDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Aisling KearnsDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Denise KeatingSchool of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Ann Marie LawsonDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0990-2329
Matthew MahDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8987-6436
Adam MiccoDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Megan MichelDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5484-7974
Jonas OppenheimerDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Lijun QiuDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
J Noah WorkmanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0921-1803
Fatma ZalzalaDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8981-1277
Anna Szécsényi-NagyInstitute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0003-2095-738X
Pier Francesco PalamaraDepartment of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7999-1972
Swapan MallickDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4531-4439
Nadin RohlandDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ron PinhasiDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. ron.pinhasi@univie.ac.at.ORCID 0000-0003-1629-8131
David ReichDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7037-5292
Funding
Solving ascertainment bias in ancient DNA using Ultima Genomics sequencingR01HG012287 · NHGRI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI REICH, DAVID E · 2021 to 2025
$2.7MHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG012287
Abstract
The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300 BC across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000 BC it reached its maximal extent, ranging from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize Yamnaya origins among the preceding Eneolithic people, we assembled ancient DNA from 435 individuals, demonstrating three genetic clines. A Caucasus-lower Volga (CLV) cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer
Indexed as
Genetics, PopulationHuman MigrationDNA, AncientDNA, MitochondrialEuropean PeopleGene FlowHaplotypesHistory, AncientHumansPhylogenyRiversWhite PeopleDNA, AncientDNA, Mitochondrial
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