Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39907901›Full record

ArticleMolecular neurobiology2025

Grape Seed Extract Pretreatment Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Inflammatory Response in Glial Cells Exposed to Paroxetine and Quinolinic Acid.

Marina Rigotti, Laura Ferrazzi Finger, Fernando Joel Scariot, Alencar Kolinski Machado, Scheila de Avila E Silva, Mirian Salvador, Catia Santos Branco

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Metabolic Reprogramming of Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marina RigottiLaboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070 560, Brazil.
Laura Ferrazzi FingerLaboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070 560, Brazil.
Fernando Joel ScariotLaboratory of Enology and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Alencar Kolinski MachadoCell Culture and Bioactive Effects Laboratory, Universidade Franciscana (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Scheila de Avila E SilvaLaboratory of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Mirian SalvadorLaboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070 560, Brazil.
Catia Santos BrancoLaboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, RS, 95070 560, Brazil. csbranc1@ucs.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-3004

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects thousands of people around the world. Drug therapy is the main approach for treating this disease, but its use can cause side effects on cells. This study aimed to examine the impact of antidepressant drugs from different classes on glial (BV-2) cells in the presence or absence of grape seed extract (GSE) and quinolinic acid (QA; 1.5 mM). Cells were treated with GSE (50 μg/mL; 23 h) and then exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of bupropion, imipramine, paroxetine, trazodone, and venlafaxine (27-181 µM; 1 h). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to demonstrate the best combination of drug and extract treatment. Cell viability, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, oxidative damage to lipids (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, apoptosis, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) genetic expression were evaluated by spectrophotometry, qRT-PCR, or flow cytometry. Mitochondrial markers (CI: NADH-CoQ reductase and CIV: cytochrome c oxidase) were also studied. GSE prevented the increment in levels of ROS (13.73-72.11%), TBARS (44.1-92.77%), NO (9.5-16%), SOD (68.44-212.29%) activity, and apoptosis (10.06-17.3%) caused by antidepressant drugs. Furthermore, it prevented impairments in complexes I (22-71.5%) and IV (7.5-92.5%) activities and ATP production (8-46%). GSE also prevented the NLRP3 overexpression in BV-2 activated by QA (62%), and paroxetine (46%), defined by PCA. Our study evidences that GSE can restore redox equilibrium and prevent inflammation caused by antidepressants and/or QA in a glial microenvironment.

Indexed as

Grape Seed ExtractInflammasomesInflammationMitochondriaNeurogliaNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinParoxetineQuinolinic AcidAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsApoptosisCell LineCell SurvivalMiceOxidative StressReactive Oxygen SpeciesAdenosine TriphosphateGrape Seed ExtractInflammasomesNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinParoxetineQuinolinic AcidReactive Oxygen SpeciesAntidepressant drugsDepressionGrape seed extractInflammationMitochondrial diseasesQuinolinic acid

Identifiers

PMID39907901

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.