ArticlePrehospital emergency care2025
EMS Agency Characteristics and Adverse Events in Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Among 49 U.S. EMS Agencies.
Article in Prehospital emergency care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07504211 (Augmenting the On-Scene Medic), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Augmenting the On-Scene Medic (ATOM): A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Augmented Reality Software on Prehospital Pediatric Medication Administration Accuracy
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Assessing Pediatric CPR Practices in the Prehospital Setting: EMS Clinician Experience, Perceptions, and Resource Utilization.Pediatric emergency care · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) impacts 15,000-25,000 children annually in the U.S. The objective of this study was to determine if specific Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agency factors, such as pediatric volume and preparedness factors, including hours of required pediatric training, pediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC), or pediatric informational resources are associated with improved quality of care or adverse events for pediatric OHCA.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of EMS clinical records and EMS agency survey among five agencies in the Portland OR, Pittsburgh PA, Milwaukee WI, San Bernardino CA, Atlanta GA, and Dallas TX regions. We reviewed medical records of children who experienced an EMS-treated OHCA between 2013 and 2019 using a validated structured chart review tool to identify adverse safety events (ASEs). Agencies who contributed medical records completed a survey that described elements of pediatric preparedness and organizational structure relevant to pediatric care. We first conducted a descriptive analysis of agency and patient characteristics, followed by an evaluation of the association of agency factors that we hypothesized could improve pediatric care and reduce the occurrence of ASEs.
resultsTwenty-two agencies with a total of 659 OHCA patient encounters completed the survey. The Broselow system was used by 81% of agencies, local protocol guides were used in 86% of agencies. Forty-five percent of agencies had a designated pediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC). Agencies reported a similar number of hours for pediatric and neonatal simulation (1.3 and 1.5 h, respectively) and skills training (2.0 and 2.5 h, respectively) annually. We found that younger patient age significantly increased the risk of an ASE. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, several hypothesized variables were not associated with decreased risk of an ASE, including pediatric and neonatal skills/simulation training hours, conducting pediatric-specific quality reviews, and having an identified PECC.
conclusionsIn this large medical record review of EMS-treated pediatric OHCA cases, pediatric training, pediatric care coordination, and conducting pediatric quality reviews were not associated with reduced ASEs. Additional research is needed to understand how EMS agencies can improve the quality of care for pediatric OHCA, especially for infants.
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Registered trials
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