ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2025
Use and Discontinuation Rates of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics Between Race/Ethnicity in Older Adults Using Medicaid Databases.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex differences in schizophrenia: symptomatology, treatment efficacy and adverse effects.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Mental disorders in the Black population: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe primary objective of this study was to assess the prescribing patterns of long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in an older adult population. Secondary objectives were to determine if there were differences in treatment discontinuation rates between different LAI agents and race/ethnicity.
methodsMerative MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid Databases (2017-2021) were used to identify patients 65 years or older who were prescribed a LAI antipsychotic. Pharmacy claims for LAI antipsychotics were referenced via National Drug Code (NDC) by brand/generic name and dose. International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) codes were used to identify older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal or schizoaffective disorders. Those with dementia or related disorders were censored. Conditional associations between race/ethnicity and generation of LAI antipsychotics were investigated using logistic regression controlling for age, sex, and health plan. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare the distribution of time until treatment discontinuation among older adults across LAI antipsychotics.
resultsA total of 526 older adults (59% female) with an average age of 70.4 ± 5.5 years met inclusion for analysis. The most commonly used LAI antipsychotics included paliperidone palmitate-1 month formulation (~35%), haloperidol decanoate (~24%), and risperidone microspheres (~15%). Overall, approximately 32% received LAI first-generation antipsychotics and 68% received LAI second generation antipsychotics. Blacks (n = 204) received LAI first-generation antipsychotics more often than Whites (n = 283); (OR: 1.74, 95% [1.18, 2.56], p < 0.01). When controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, LAI first-generation antipsychotics showed earlier discontinuation rates compared to LAI second-generation antipsychotics (HR: 2.12, 95% CI [1.45, 3.10], p < 0.001).
conclusionsLAI first-generation antipsychotics showed treatment discontinuation significantly earlier compared to LAI second-generation antipsychotics. Furthermore, Blacks were prescribed LAI first-generation antipsychotics at a higher rate than Whites, which may contribute to poorer health outcomes. Futures studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.
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