Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39906810›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2025

Preparation of slow-release fertilizer derived from rice husk silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and paper composite coated urea.

Idayatu Dere, Daniel T Gungula, Semiu A Kareem, Fartisincha Peingurta Andrew, Abdullahi M Saddiq, Vadlya T Tame, Haruna M Kefas, David O Patrick, Japari I Joseph

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Idayatu DereDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
Daniel T GungulaDepartment of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
Semiu A KareemDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
Fartisincha Peingurta AndrewDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
Abdullahi M SaddiqDepartment of Soil Science, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
Vadlya T TameDepartment of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
Haruna M KefasDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
David O PatrickDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.
Japari I JosephDepartment of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, 652101, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is a growing trend toward utilizing agricultural waste to create value-added products, addressing environmental concerns associated with their disposal. This study focuses on developing slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) using amorphous silica derived from rice husk, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), waste paper, and urea. Experimental optimization was carried out using the response surface methodology central composite design (RSM-CCD). The optimal formulation included 8.63 g of silica, 1.04 g of HPMC, and 0.27 g of PVA. Two SRFs were prepared under these conditions: SRF1, consisting of silica, HPMC, and PVA, and SRF2, which additionally incorporated coated waste paper. Characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis were used to examine the materials. The rice-husk-derived silica exhibited a pore size of 2.140 nm and a BET surface area of 690 m

Indexed as

Central composite designCoated silicaHydroxypropyl methylcellulosePolyvinyl alcoholRice huskSlow release fertilizer

Identifiers

PMID39906810
PMCPMC11791223

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.