ArticleHeliyon2025
Enhancing food security while reducing environmental impacts: Life cycle assessment of cultivation-irrigation systems and yield gap closure in paddy fields.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Enhancing food and water security is crucial, not only by preventing additional burdens on the environment but also by significantly mitigating existing environmental challenges. Dry direct-seeding of rice (DDSR) and yield gap (YG) reduction are effective in enhancing water productivity (WP) and food production. However, their related environmental impacts (EI) have received less attention. This study uses life cycle assessment and farmers' field data to analyze the EI of five rice cultivation-irrigation systems: transplanting with continuous flooding (T-CF), transplanting with alternate wetting and drying (T-AWD), DDSR with drip irrigation (DDSR-D), DDSR with sprinkler irrigation (DDSR-S), and DDSR with furrow irrigation (DDSR-F). Additionally, the energy productivity (EP) and WP of these systems were assessed. An environmental efficiency of YG reduction (EE) index was introduced as the ratio of EI reduction to YG reduction to evaluate the EI of closing YG. DDSR-D significantly reduced water, electricity, diesel fuel, and machinery use by 61-200 %, 14-64 %, 7-98 %, and 13-46 %, respectively. DDSR-D achieved the highest rice yield, which was 3.8 %, 4.4 %, 18.4 %, and 7.7 % higher than T-CF, T-AWD, DDSR-S, and DDSR-F, respectively. Compared with transplanting, DDSR increased EP and WP by 19.2 % and 63.8 %, respectively, and reduced CH
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