SynthesisPsychological medicine2025
The cognitive model of negative symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the dysfunctional belief systems associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Synthesis in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Targeting Cognitive Biases and Beliefs in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Enhancing Assertive Community Treatment With Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training for Schizophrenia: II. Ecological Momentary Assessment Outcomes in a Pragmatic Randomized-Controlled Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Trial
- Motivation and pleasure deficits reflect altered network embedding of normal brain deviations in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk meets early trauma: toward a neuropsychodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Predicting Social Cognitive Outcomes in Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia: A Hierarchical Analysis of Pharmacogenetic, Clinical, and Environmental Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Perceived temporal reorganization during psychiatric hospitalization among people with schizophrenia: a qualitative interview study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe hypothesized cognitive model of negative symptoms, proposed nearly twenty years ago, is the most prevalent psychological framework for conceptualizing negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The aim of this study was to comprehensively validate the model for the first time, specifically by quantifying the relationships between negative symptom severity and all related dysfunctional beliefs.
methodsA systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE and PsychINFO, supplemented by manual reviews of reference lists and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed with data on the direct cross-sectional association between negative symptoms and at least one relevant dysfunctional belief in SSD patients. Screening and data extraction were completed by independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool effect size estimates of
resultsSignificant effects emerged for the relationships between negative symptoms and defeatist performance beliefs (k = 38, n = 2808), r = 0.23 (95% CI, 0.18-0.27), asocial beliefs (k = 8, n = 578), r = 0.21 (95% CI, 0.12-0.28), low expectancies for success (k = 55, n = 5664), r = -0.21 (95% CI, -0.15 - -0.26), low expectancies for pleasure (k = 5, n = 249), r = -0.19 (95% CI, -0.06 - -0.31), and internalized stigma (k = 81, n = 9766), r = 0.17 (95% CI, 0.12-0.22), but not perception of limited resources (k = 10, n = 463), r = 0.08 (95% CI, -0.13 - 0.27).
conclusionsThis meta-analysis provides support for the cognitive model of negative symptoms. The identification of specific dysfunctional beliefs associated with negative symptoms is essential for the development of precision-based cognitive-behavioral interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.