ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2025
Validation using item response theory, and assessment of sensitivity to change of the Hypoglycemia Awareness Questionnaire in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Psychometric Validation of the Chinese Version of the Diabetes Health Literacy Scale Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Application of Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
AIMS/
introductionIt is important to develop valid tools to evaluate hypoglycemia perception such as the Hypoglycemia Awareness Questionnaire (HypoA-Q) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The aim of the study is to validate the HypoA-Q in patients with T2D treated with insulin using item response theory. MATERIALS AND
methodsIndividuals with T2D treated with insulin were included by non-random convenience sampling. A partial credit model was used for validation using item response theory, infit, and outfit statistics were calculated, person-item map and item characteristic curves were plotted, and differential item functioning was assessed.
resultsThe study included 502 participants, the mean age at diagnosis of diabetes was 47.8 ± 13.9 years, the median time with the diagnosis was 15 years (IQR: 9-22), and the mean HbA1c 71 ± 27.3 mmol/mL (8.6 ± 2.5%), 48.6% had Glomerular Filtration Rate >60 mL/min/min
conclusionsThe HypoA-Q is a valid measure for assessing hypoglycemia awareness in insulin-treated T2D patients because it has items that fit the measurement process, measures a wide range of awareness, and is free of biases related to gender, age, treatment, and duration of diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.