Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39905405›Full record

ArticleBiomedical engineering online2025

Automated orthodontic diagnosis via self-supervised learning and multi-attribute classification using lateral cephalograms.

Qiao Chang, Yuxing Bai, Shaofeng Wang, Fan Wang, Shuang Liang, Xianju Xie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical engineering online, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Transformer-based models in dentistry: a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Qiao ChangDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 9 Fanjiacun road, 100070, Beijing, China.
Yuxing BaiDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 9 Fanjiacun road, 100070, Beijing, China.
Shaofeng WangDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 9 Fanjiacun road, 100070, Beijing, China.
Fan WangDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 9 Fanjiacun road, 100070, Beijing, China.
Shuang LiangSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao You An Men, 100069, Beijing, China. shliang@ccmu.edu.cn.
Xianju XieDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 9 Fanjiacun road, 100070, Beijing, China. dentistxxj@mail.ccmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of special funding support ZLRK202330Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation L222024Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program YSP 21-09-01Capital Medical University PYZ23030Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University CXTD20223National Natural Science Foundation of China 62401378R\&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission KM202410025021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMalocclusion, characterized by dental misalignment and improper occlusal relationships, significantly impacts oral health and daily functioning, with a global prevalence of 56%. Lateral cephalogram is a crucial diagnostic tool in orthodontic treatment, providing insights into various structural characteristics.

methodsThis study introduces a pre-training approach using multi-center lateral cephalograms for self-supervised learning, aimed at improving model generalization across diverse clinical data domains. Additionally, a multi-attribute classification network is proposed, leveraging attribute correlations to optimize parameters and enhance classification performance.

resultsComprehensive evaluation on both public and clinical datasets showcases the superiority of the proposed framework, achieving an impressive average accuracy of 90.02%. The developed Self-supervised Pre-training and Multi-Attribute (SPMA) network achieves a best match ratio (MR) score of 71.38% and a low Hamming loss (HL) of 0.0425%, demonstrating its efficacy in orthodontic diagnosis from lateral cephalograms.

conclusionsThis work contributes significantly to advancing automated diagnostic tools in orthodontics, addressing the critical need for accurate and efficient malocclusion diagnosis. The outcomes not only improve the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis, but also have the potential to reduce healthcare costs associated with orthodontic treatments.

Indexed as

CephalometryImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMalocclusionOrthodonticsSupervised Machine LearningAutomationHumansLateral cephalogramsMalocclusionMedical image analysisMulti-attribute classificationSelf-supervised learning

Identifiers

PMID39905405
PMCPMC11792313

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.