Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39904976›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Multi-omic spatial effects on high-resolution AI-derived retinal thickness.

V E Jackson, Y Wu, R Bonelli, J P Owen, L W Scott, S Farashi, Y Kihara, M L Gantner, C Egan, K M Williams and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Genetic discovery using deep learning-derived optic nerve integrity phenotypes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Beyond the Classics: The Synergy of AI and Genomics Reveals an Expanded Repertoire of Pigmentation Genes.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Neuroprotection in Diabetes Retinal Disease: An Unmet Medical Need.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

V E Jackson *Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-9784
Y Wu *Department of Ophthalmology, Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
R Bonelli *Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
J P OwenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
L W ScottPopulation Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
S FarashiPopulation Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Y KiharaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
M L GantnerLowy Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
C EganMoorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5593-1169
K M WilliamsMoorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-3938
B R E AnsellPopulation Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-897X
A TufailMoorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-7640
A Y LeeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-1648
M BahloPopulation Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. bahlo@wehi.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-0774

Funding

Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) APP1195236
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinal thickness is a marker of retinal health and more broadly, is seen as a promising biomarker for many systemic diseases. Retinal thickness measurements are procured from optical coherence tomography (OCT) as part of routine clinical eyecare. We processed the UK Biobank OCT images using a convolutional neural network to produce fine-scale retinal thickness measurements across > 29,000 points in the macula, the part of the retina responsible for human central vision. The macula is disproportionately affected by high disease burden retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, which both involve metabolic dysregulation. Analysis of common genomic variants, metabolomic, blood and immune biomarkers, disease PheCodes and genetic scores across a fine-scale macular thickness grid, reveals multiple novel genetic loci including four on the X chromosome; retinal thinning associated with many systemic disorders including multiple sclerosis; and multiple associations to correlated metabolites that cluster spatially in the retina. We highlight parafoveal thickness to be particularly susceptible to systemic insults. These results demonstrate the gains in discovery power and resolution achievable with AI-leveraged analysis. Results are accessible using a bespoke web interface that gives full control to pursue findings.

Indexed as

RetinaBiomarkersDiabetic RetinopathyFemaleHumansMacula LuteaMacular DegenerationMaleMiddle AgedMultiomicsNeural Networks, ComputerTomography, Optical CoherenceBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID39904976
PMCPMC11794613

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.