ReviewMolecular biomedicine2025
Sarcoidosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
Review in Molecular biomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies syndrome and opportunistic infections: systematic literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Tattoo-Associated Systemic Sarcoidosis Treated With JAK Inhibition.International journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- New Therapies for Sarcoidosis: Molecular and Pathophysiological Basis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The theory of the inflammatory ecosystem.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Uncovering Sex and Gender Differences in Sarcoidosis: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of DNA methylation-mucosal innate immunity crosstalk in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unilateral hilar sarcoidosis with anemia and low T3 syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Contemporary management of sarcoidosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Asthma in Patients With Confirmed Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Alopecia Areata - Effects of Treatment with Upadacitinib - Two Case Reports.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- An Unusual Etiology of Recurrent Parathyroid Hormone-Independent Hypercalcemia.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- The granulomatous pulmonary nodules induced by tislelizumab in advanced squamous NSCLC: a case report with challenging differential diagnosis.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Cytokine Profiles of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases and Non-Allergic Asthma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pathological diversity of pulmonary sarcoidosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting the mycobiome in sarcoidosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Latent microbial reactivation and immune dysregulation in sarcoidosis: bridging pathogenesis and precision therapeutics.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sarcoidosis, a multisystemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology, is characterized by formation of noncaseating granulomas, which can affect all organs. Recent studies have made outstanding achievement in understanding the pathology, etiology, genetics, and immune dysregulation involved in granuloma formation of sarcoidosis. Antigen stimulation in genetically predisposed individuals enhances the phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. CD4 + T cells initiate dysregulated immune responses and secrete significant quantities of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which play a crucial role in modulating the aggregation and fusion of macrophages to form granulomas. The current therapeutic strategies focus on blocking the formation and spread of granulomas to protect organ function and alleviate symptoms. The efficacy of traditional treatments, such as glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, has been confirmed in the management of sarcoidosis. Promising therapeutic agents encompass inhibitors of cytokines, like those targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as inhibitors of signaling pathways, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, which exhibit favorable prospects for application. Although there has been progress in the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, activity and severity of sarcoidosis, specific and sensitive biomarkers have yet to be identified. This review outlines recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for the sarcoidosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.