Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39904909›Full record

ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2025

Anatomy and variations of the carina and its cartilaginous makeup: a cadaveric study.

Chung Yoh Kim, Kristen Rizzuto, Daniel Tahan, Devendra Shekhawat, Rarinthorn Samrid, Yoko Tabira, Stephen J Bordes, Joe Iwanaga, R Shane Tubbs

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chung Yoh KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St., Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-076X
Kristen RizzutoTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8372-6872
Daniel TahanTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8800-1854
Devendra ShekhawatDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St., Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-0681
Rarinthorn SamridDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St., Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. rarisa@kku.ac.th.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-9162
Yoko TabiraDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St., Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6040-5136
Stephen J BordesDepartment of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-0674
Joe IwanagaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St., Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-7952
R Shane TubbsDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St., Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-1047

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe carina, located at the bifurcation of the trachea, has been regarded as a part of the trachea. Although clinically useful as an anatomical landmark, studies of its detailed morphology are lacking in the literature.

methodsThe distal trachea and left and right main bronchi were harvested from 32 cadavers and the carina studied using microsurgical dissection, endoscopy, micro-CT, and histology.

resultsThe right bronchial cartilages were most commonly involved in forming the carina (72.41%), and the left bronchial cartilages were the second most commonly involved (37.93%). The carinal cartilages were slightly deviated to the left of midline in 4.37%. Micro-CT clearly identified the contributions to the carinal cartilages.

conclusionAlthough the carina has been regarded as a part of the distal trachea, the present study found that most of the carinal cartilages were composed of the most inferior tracheal ring or bronchial cartilage(s). The right main bronchial cartilage was the most common contributor, and the left main bronchus was the second most common contributor. Additional knowledge of this structure can benefit patient care.

Indexed as

Anatomic VariationBronchiCartilageTracheaAgedAged, 80 and overCadaverDissectionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedX-Ray MicrotomographyAspirationBronchusCarinal cartilageCartilageRespiratoryTrachea

Identifiers

PMID39904909
PMCPMC11794330

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.