ReviewVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2025
The prognostic value of the tumor-stroma ratio compared to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a review.
Review in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer: an umbrella meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The Predictive Value of the Tumor-Stroma Ratio for Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Added value of the tumor-stroma ratio to the PREDICT model for breast cancer.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Observational
- Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy often leads to breast and axilla-conserving surgery in stages II and III hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients: A registry study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Computer-aided quantitative stromal analysis: a comprehensive investigation of its prognostic significance in lung squamous cell carcinoma.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Previous literature extensively explored biomarkers to personalize treatment for breast cancer patients. The clinical need is especially high in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment modalities. This review aims to evaluate the value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) as prognostic biomarkers in TNBC patients and assess their clinical potential. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Papers comparing survival outcomes of TNBC patients with low/high or negative/positive TSR and immune cells were included. The most frequently mentioned subgroups of TILs were selected and reported in this review. Data from 43 articles on TILs and eight articles on TSR were included. Among TNBC patients, high CD8 expression was generally associated with better survival. Notable, the poor survival outcomes were related to high intra-tumoral PD-L1 expression, whereas high stromal PD-L1 expression more often was correlated with favorable outcomes. For the TSR, a high amount of stroma in the primary tumor of TNBC patients was consistently associated with worse survival. This review highlights that a high number of CD8-positive T-cells is a promising prognostic factor for TNBC patients. PD-L1 expression analyzed for intra-tumoral and stromal expression separately reports strong but contrasting information. Finally, the TSR shows potential to be an important prognostic marker, especially for TNBC patients. Utilizing both biomarkers, either on itself or combined, could enhance clinical decision-making and personalization of treatment.
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