ArticleJournal of chemical ecology2025
Sex Pheromone of the Papaya Mealybug.
Article in Journal of chemical ecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Sex pheromones of mealybugs are reported from more than 20 species and have generally been shown to be monoterpene alcohols esterified with short-chain carboxylic acids. Here, however, we discovered and isolated an alcohol without an acid moiety as a pheromone compound released from adult females of the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus. By means of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses, the structure was identified to be trans-2-(2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutyl)ethanol, a monoterpene with a unique cyclobutene skeleton, commonly known as fragranol. We then completely separated synthetic (±)-fragranol into each enantiomer by means of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography using a chiral resolution column, and (-)-(1S,2S)-fragranol was definitely confirmed to be the natural pheromone and to attract many males in the field when used as a pheromone trap lure. (±)-Fragranol showed attractiveness comparable to that of the pure (-)-(1S,2S)-enantiomer. This study provides not only useful information for the monitoring and management of P. marginatus but also an interesting exception underlining the great diversity of mealybug pheromone structures.
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