Anatomical assessment of cerebral sulci and gyri for neuroanatomy education using photogrammetry technique to generate 3D-tridimensional models.

The surface of the brain is characterized by sulci and gyri. From these surface features, we can identify the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobes. Learning neuroanatomy traditionally involves studying anatomical figures from atlases and working with cadaveric specimens in the lab. In higher education, technology, such as computer-generated images and three-dimensional (3D) models, can enhance students' understanding and retention of the material. The photogrammetry technique, which involves capturing images with digital cameras or smartphones, allows for the creation of low-cost 3D anatomical models. Five human cadaver brains were microsurgically dissected to expose the sulci and gyri. Using smartphones and free software, tridimensional brain models were created using the photogrammetry technique, with a detailed step-by-step description. The digital models were stored for use in teaching neuroanatomy. Human brains were dissected by removing the arachnoid membrane under microscopic visualization. Using smartphones and free software, tridimensional brain models were created with appropriate visualization in details of the sulci and gyri. These models were stored on computers and made available to neuroanatomy students via the Internet. By using smartphones and low-cost software applications, the pedagogy of neuroanatomy in higher education can be enhanced, providing students with online access to spatially accurate brain models. This improves their ability to perceive the spatial structure of brain specimens.