Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39902524›Full record

ArticleAIDS care2025

B-OK: a visual and tactile tool for improving HIV mental models in a United States urban center.

Aaron Richterman, Tamar Klaiman, Daniel Palma, Eric Ryu, Laura Schmucker, Katherine Villarin, Gabrielle Grosso, Kathleen A Brady, Harsha Thirumurthy, Alison Buttenheim

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in AIDS care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aaron RichtermanDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7920-7191
Tamar KlaimanDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Daniel PalmaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Eric RyuDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Laura SchmuckerDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Katherine VillarinDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Gabrielle GrossoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kathleen A BradyDivision of HIV Health, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Harsha ThirumurthyLeonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Alison ButtenheimLeonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Funding

Virus & Reservoirs CoreP30AI045008 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI DAVID S METZGER · 1999 to 2026
$78.6M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI045008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and poor retention in care are significant barriers to ending HIV epidemics. Treatment adherence support effectiveness may be constrained by limited understanding of the benefits of ART. We evaluated a visual and tactile tool, the B-OK Bottles ("B-OK"), that incorporates human-centered design and behavioral economics principles and is designed to change and strengthen mental models about HIV. We enrolled 118 adults living with HIV who were clients of medical case managers in Philadelphia. All participants completed a pre-intervention survey, a B-OK intervention and a post-intervention survey. A subset (

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHIV InfectionsMedication AdherenceModels, PsychologicalAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhiladelphiaQualitative ResearchSurveys and QuestionnairesUrban PopulationAnti-HIV Agentsbehavioral economicsGood health and well-beingHIVSDG 3treatment adherence supportvisual aid

Identifiers

PMID39902524
PMCPMC11955294

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.