Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39902323›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2025

Relationships among COVID-19 causal factors perceived by children, basic psychological needs and social anxiety.

Higinio González-García, Leandro Álvarez-Kurogi, Joel Prieto Andreu, Javier Tierno Cordón, Rosario Castro López, Jesús Salas Sánchez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Higinio González-García *Didactics of Physical Education and Health/Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9921-744X
Leandro Álvarez-Kurogi *Didactics of Physical Education and Health/Faculties of Education and Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0510-1161
Joel Prieto AndreuDidactics of Physical Education and Health/Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2981-0782
Javier Tierno CordónDidactics of Physical Education and Health/Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8045-1693
Rosario Castro LópezDidactics of Physical Education and Health/Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
Jesús Salas SánchezDidactics of Physical Education and Health/Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0830-8742

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 had a great impact on our society as the lives of children have been affected, as well as their psychological health and social anxiety. Objective: To examine whether COVID-19 causal factors perceived by children predicted basic psychological needs and social anxiety, and if basic psychological needs predicted social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 58 schoolchildren (M Results: Social distancing and protection were found to significantly reduce competence satisfaction. Perceived psychological impact significantly negatively predicted relatedness satisfaction and significantly positively autonomy frustration and competence frustration. Perceived psychological impact significantly negatively predicted anxiety in the interaction with the opposite sex. Autonomy satisfaction significantly positively predicted anxiety in the interaction with the opposite sex. Autonomy frustration significantly positively predicted anxiety in public speaking interaction with teachers, significantly positively anxiety in the interaction with the opposite sex, significantly positively anxiety of being embarrassed or ridiculed and significantly positively anxiety in the interaction with strangers. Conclusion: Perceived psychological impact was the causal factor that revealed a higher impact on basic psychological needs. As such, it is important to take measures with children in pandemic situations to minimize this variable. On the other hand, Autonomy frustration revealed a higher impact on social anxiety. Thus, it is necessary to emphasize autonomy in children respecting the restrictions imposed to minimize the impact of social anxiety.

Indexed as

AnxietyCOVID-19AdolescentChildFemaleHumansMalePandemicsPersonal AutonomyPhysical DistancingSARS-CoV-2ChildrenEpidemicPerceptionPLS-PM

Identifiers

PMID39902323
PMCPMC11789665

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.