ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Annotation and characterization of immunoglobulin loci and CDR3 polymorphism in water buffalo (
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Annotation and comparative analysis of T cell receptor germline genes reveal lineage-specific patterns in pinnipeds.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunoglobulin gene loci structure and diversity of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides).BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Annotation of gene loci and analysis of expression diversity in sheep immunoglobulin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Analysis of CDR3 region diversity with different lengths in bovine immunoglobulin heavy chain genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Immunoglobulin (Ig) refers to the nomenclature for all antibody proteins produced by B lymphocytes. The genetic locus encoding Ig is critical for vertebrate humoral immune responses and diverse antibody repertoires. Despite the critical role of buffaloes as livestock and their significance in disease transmission, the Ig loci of this species have not been thoroughly annotated. This study aimed to systematically characterize the Ig loci in buffaloes and their unique features, providing a foundation for understanding buffalo immune function. Methods: The genomic assembly of Murrah buffalo (NDDB_SH_1) was analyzed to annotate Ig loci. Annotation criteria included functional motifs, RSS sequences, and structural features of V, D, J, and C genes. The CDR3 repertoires were constructed using genomic DNA extracted from spleen samples of five healthy buffaloes. High-throughput sequencing of multiplex PCR products enabled repertoire analysis, and MiXCR software was used for alignment and CDR3 extraction. Repertoire diversity, gene usage, and clonal frequencies were analyzed using the Immunarch R package. Results: The IgH locus spans approximately 667 kb on chromosome 20, containing two D-J-C clusters, 54 VH genes, 10 DH genes, 8 JH genes, and 9 CH genes. The Igκ locus, located on chromosome 12, encompasses 24 Vκ genes, 5 Jκ genes, and 1 Cκ gene, while the Igλ locus on chromosome 17 includes 71 Vλ genes, 3 Jλ genes, and 3 Cλ genes. We also conducted a detailed examination of the buffalo IgH CDR3 repertoire, revealing the presence of ultra-long CDR3 sequences, a biased usage of certain V genes, and a high-frequency usage of IgHJ1-4 genes. Furthermore, we identified a set of shared clonotypes across the samples, highlighting commonalities in the buffalo antibody repertoire. Conclusion: These findings contribute to the understanding of buffalo immune function and provide insights into the evolution and diversity of ruminant immunoglobulin genes.
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