Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39901768›Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2025

Small Extracellular Vesicles Engineered Using Click Chemistry to Express Chimeric Antigen Receptors Show Enhanced Efficacy in Acute Liver Failure.

Yen-Ting Lu, Tzu-Yu Chen, Hsin-Hung Lin, Ya-Wen Chen, Yu-Xiu Lin, Duy-Cuong Le, Yen-Hua Huang, Andrew H-J Wang, Cheng-Chung Lee, Thai-Yen Ling

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Engineered NestinJournal of extracellular vesicles · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Beyond labeling: differential AcRegenerative biomaterials · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yen-Ting LuGraduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5708-6066
Tzu-Yu ChenGraduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2575-969X
Hsin-Hung LinGraduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-6835
Ya-Wen ChenThe Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2033-9533
Yu-Xiu LinGraduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3415-4744
Duy-Cuong LeInternational Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yen-Hua HuangInternational Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Andrew H-J WangThe Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-5337
Cheng-Chung LeeThe Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8259-4388
Thai-Yen LingGraduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-883X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause severe liver injury and life-threatening conditions that may lead to multiple organ failure without proper treatment. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the accepted and prescribed treatment for detoxification in cases of APAP overdose. Nonetheless, in acute liver failure (ALF), particularly when the ingestion is substantial, NAC may not fully restore liver function. NAC administration in ALF has limitations and potential adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, flatus, gastroesophageal reflux, and anaphylactoid reactions. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies using paracrine activity show promise for treating ALF, with preclinical studies demonstrating improvement. Recently, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new therapeutic option for liver injury. MSC-derived EVs can contain various therapeutic cargos depending on the cell of origin, participate in physiological processes, and respond to abnormalities. However, most therapeutic EVs lack a distinct orientation upon entering the body, resulting in a lack of targeting specificity. Therefore, enhancing the precision of natural EV delivery systems is urgently needed. Thus, we developed an advanced targeting technique to deliver modified EVs within the body. Our strategy aims to employ bioorthogonal click chemistry to attach a targeting molecule to the surface of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), creating exogenous chimeric antigen receptor-modified sEVs (CAR-sEVs) for the treatment. First, we engineered azido-modified sEVs (N

Indexed as

Click ChemistryExtracellular VesiclesLiver Failure, AcuteReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAcetaminophenAnimalsHumansMaleMesenchymal Stem CellsMiceAcetaminophenReceptors, Chimeric Antigenacetaminophenacute liver failureextracellular vesiclesmesenchymal stromal cellstargeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID39901768
PMCPMC11791321

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.