Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39901214›Full record

Trial reportBMC psychology2025

Cognitive behavior therapy for academic burnout, procrastination, self-handicapping behavior, and test anxiety among adolescents: a randomized control trial.

Khizra Khurshid, Rabia Mushtaq, Umara Rauf, Nida Anwar, Qasir Abbas, Sumayah Aljhani, Zoobia Ramzan, Mafia Shahzadi

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Khizra KhurshidDepartment of Applied Psychology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Zakid Block 1st floor, Main Campus, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Rabia MushtaqInstitute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Umara RaufDepartment of Psychology, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Nida AnwarC/O Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Qasir AbbasDepartment of Applied Psychology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Zakid Block 1st floor, Main Campus, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. drqasirabbas@gcuf.edu.pk.
Sumayah AljhaniDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Zoobia RamzanC/O Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Mafia ShahzadiDepartment of Psychology, Ripha International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAcademic stressors among adolescents, strongly associated with emotional disturbance, increase the chance of psychiatric problems, and their severity increases over time when emotional and educational issues remain unresolved. The present study is designed to investigate the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on procrastination, burnout, self-handicapping behaviour, test anxiety, and school functioning among adolescents facing academic problems. MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 200 adolescents were enrolled for eligibility assessment; 129 participants met the eligibility criteria, and they were allocated to the experimental and waitlist control conditions. After the baseline assessment, participants were involved in the treatment condition, and after 6-8 follow-up sessions, they were referred for the post-assessment. We used different assessment measures to assess the outcome, i.e. General Procrastination Scale (GPS), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), Self-handicapping Scale (SHS), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), and Living up to Parental Expectation Scale (LPES). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the results.

resultsThe current RCT findings suggest that CBT was found an effective treatment condition to address the emotional problems among adolescents. CBT significantly reduced the degree of procrastination {F (1, 63) = 25.01, p < .000, η

conclusionIt is concluded that CBT efficiently addressed emotional and academic problems (i.e. procrastination, burnout, test anxiety, and self-handicapping behavior), improved students' functioning at school (i.e. attendance & and academic grades), and guided the students to manage unrealistic parental expectations.

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorBurnout, PsychologicalCognitive Behavioral TherapyProcrastinationStudentsTest AnxietyAdolescentFemaleHumansMaleTreatment OutcomeAcademic burnoutAcademic performanceAdolescentsAttendanceProcrastinationSelf-handicapping behaviorTest anxiety

Identifiers

PMID39901214
PMCPMC11789360

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.