Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39901178›Full record

Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

Effects of home-based virtual reality upper extremity rehabilitation in persons with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Hiroyuki Ase, Kaoru Honaga, Mami Tani, Tomokazu Takakura, Futoshi Wada, Yuhei Murakami, Reina Isayama, Akira Tanuma, Toshiyuki Fujiwara

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hiroyuki AseDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Kaoru HonagaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Mami TaniDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Tomokazu TakakuraDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Futoshi WadaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuhei MurakamiDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Reina IsayamaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Akira TanumaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Toshiyuki FujiwaraDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. t-fujiwara@juntendo.ac.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUpper extremity rehabilitation in persons with stroke should be dose-dependent and task-oriented. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to be used safely and effectively in home-based rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of home-based virtual reality upper extremity rehabilitation in persons with chronic stroke.

methodsThis was a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial conducted at two centers. The subjects were 14 outpatients with chronic stroke more than 6 months after the onset of the stroke. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (n = 7) performed a home rehabilitation program for the paretic hand (30 min/day, five days/week) using a VR device (RAPAEL Smart Glove™; NEOFECT Co., Yung-in, Korea) for four weeks. The control group (n = 7) participated in a conventional home rehabilitation program at the same frequency. All participants received outpatient occupational therapy once a week during the study period. The outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of upper extremity motor function (FMA-UE), Motor Activity Log-14 (MAL), Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTT), and Box and Block Test (BBT) scores.

resultsAll 14 participants completed the study. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed more significant improvements in FMA-UE (p = 0.027), MAL (p = 0.014), JTT (p = 0.002), and BBT (p = 0.014). No adverse events were observed during or after the intervention.

conclusionCompared to a conventional home program, combining a task-oriented virtual reality home program and outpatient occupational therapy might lead to greater improvements in upper extremity function and the frequency of use of the paretic hand.

trial registrationThis study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trial Registry in Japan (Unique Identifier: UMIN000038469) on November 1, 2019; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043836 .

Indexed as

Home Care ServicesOccupational TherapyStroke RehabilitationUpper ExtremityVirtual RealityAdultAgedChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSingle-Blind MethodStrokeTreatment OutcomeHome-based trainingOccupational therapyRehabilitationStrokeUpper extremityVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID39901178
PMCPMC11792398

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.