SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
Impact of fetal sex on neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global prevalence and associated factors of severe fear of childbirth: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Pooled it
- Gardnerella enrichment in the vaginal microbiome of women with gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with lower fetal birthweight percentiles.Diabetologia · 2026Observational
- Public Health-Relevant Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Obstetric Outcomes: A Case-Control Study from Kazakhstan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- The influence of fetal sex on preterm birth risk in gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Unraveling the complex web: pathogenesis and prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus-related fetal overgrowth.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Feto-placental endothelial cells of female neonates are more susceptible to gestational diabetes-induced changes.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of Ambient Temperature During Pregnancy on Newborn Birthweight.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch on the relationship between fetal sex and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is limited, and existing findings have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the impact of fetal sex on neonatal outcomes in mothers with GDM.
methodsWe conducted a systematic search of six database) PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, SID (Persian database), and Embase (up to January 1, 2025. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Subgroup analyses differentiated between retrospective and prospective cohorts for the primary outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the leave-one-out approach to evaluate the robustness of the pooled results. Additionally, a meta-regression analysis was conducted, considering maternal age, gestational weight gain, and BMI for both male and female infants.
resultsFrom 702 studies screened, twelve observational studies were included in the analysis. The results revealed a significant increase in the rates of macrosomia (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.77, 6 studies, 121,230 neonates; p < 0.0001), cesarean delivery (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.06, 6 studies, 127,704 neonates; p < 0.0001), large for gestational age (LGA) (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.36, 6 studies, 16,863 neonates; p < 0.0001), small for gestational age (SGA) (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.25, 6 studies, 16,863 neonates; p = 0.002), and a 5-minute Apgar score of less than 7 (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.43, 2 studies, 104,881 neonates; p = 0.0003) in male neonates compared to female neonates. However, there were no significant differences in the rates of preterm delivery (p = 0.86), jaundice (p = 0.75), and a 1-minute Apgar score of less than 7 (p = 0.08) between male and female neonates in women with GDM.
conclusionThe findings suggest that male infants are at a greater risk of experiencing specific adverse outcomes in the context of GDM. Further research is needed to establish tailored interventions and guidelines to improve the care and management of women with GDM and their infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.