ArticleScientific reports2025
Environmental and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toxic elements in the red sea using Monte Carlo simulation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seasonal dynamics of trace elements, sediment contamination, and child health risks in six Egyptian red sea ports: an integrated water-sediment-human health assessment.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2026Article
- Bioaccumulation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercial Fish Species (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of risks associated with PAHs, pesticides, and heavy metals in the red sea at Jazan harbors and nearby marine regions including halophile analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Environmental evaluation of PAH bioaccumulation in common sea bream (Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Organ-Specific Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tilapia zillii.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2026Article
- The Ratio of Silicon to Chitin in Diatom Cell Walls Influences Their Resilience to Environmental Stress.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This research evaluates the environmental and health risks linked to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and PAHs along the western coast of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. This study investigated the concentration of 16 PAH compounds in the Suez Gulf, revealing significantly higher levels than the EU (0.20 µg/L) and US (0.030 µg/L) standards. The average total PAH concentration across eight locations was significantly higher, with the Suez area having the highest concentration at 479 µg/L. Pyrene (Pyr) was the dominant PAH with a concentration of 443 µg/L in Suez, while acenaphthylene (Ace) had the lowest concentration at 0.120 µg/L in Northern Zaafarana. Carcinogenic PAHs (CAR) ranged from 8.67 µg/L at Ras Gharib to 29.62 µg/L at Suez, highlighting the urgent need for regulatory measures. Confirmatory ratios pointed to industrial and shipping influences as petrogenic sources. Elevated total organic carbon (TOC) levels in Suez Bay indicated aggravated organic pollution, exacerbated by oil rigs and refineries. The ecological risk assessment highlighted substantial risks, particularly in Suez, necessitating immediate interventions to combat PAH contamination and preserve the environmental balance of the Red Sea. The dominant metals in water samples were arranged in descending order as follows: Pb > Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cd > Ni. The study evaluated environmental and human health risks using a multifaceted approach, including cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and various indices (HPI, RI, MI, HQ, HI, and CR). Most water samples exhibited high pollution risks, surpassing permissible limits for HPI (> 100) and MI (> 6). Notably, HI oral values indicated significant non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children. While HI values for adults suggested low-risk dermal contact, those for children showed a substantial proportion in the high-risk category. Most water samples displayed CR values exceeding 1 × 10
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