ArticleScientific reports2025
Associations between phenol and paraben exposure and the risk of developing breast cancer in adult women: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bisphenol A and cancer: a critical review of the epidemiologic literature with an emphasis on exposure assessment.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Impact of organic pollutants on phenotype and gene expression in human breast cancer cells.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Bisphenol A and breast cancer: Can mechanistic plausibility be reconciled with epidemiological inconsistency?iScience · 2026Review
- Environmental co-exposure to microplastics and phenol may influence redox signaling and tumor microenvironment dynamics.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have adverse effects on breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to assess the association between exposure to prevalent EDCs-phenols and parabens-and the risk of developing BC. Data on urinary bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TRS), benzophenone-3 (BP3), methyl paraben (MPB), ethyl paraben (EPB), propyl paraben (PPB), and butyl paraben (BUP) were obtained from the 2005-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 4455 subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. The results from the weighted multivariable regression models indicated that exposure to elevated concentrations of TRS increased the risk of developing BC by 2.33 (Q2: 95% CI = 1.45-3.75, p < 0.001) and 1.94 times (Q3: 95% CI = 1.21-3.09, p = 0.006), respectively. The nonlinear association between TRS concentrations and the risk of developing BC was statistically significant (P nonlinear = 0.007), with the restricted cubic splines (RCS) curve exhibiting an inverted U shape. The association between TRS concentrations and the risk of developing BC was more pronounced among overweight individuals (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m
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