Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39899652›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2025

The impacts of antipsychotic medications on eating-related outcomes: A mixed methods systematic review.

Rasha Alkholy, Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Rebecca Pedley, Helen Louise Brooks, Richard J Drake, Prathiba Chitsabesan, Anam Bhutta, Abigail Brown, Rebecca L Jenkins and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Hunger pain and its reduction; qualitative insight from people with schizophrenia on semaglutide.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rasha AlkholyDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-9569
Karina LovellDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Penny BeeDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Rebecca PedleyDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Helen Louise BrooksDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Richard J DrakeManchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-4835
Prathiba ChitsabesanNational Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration (NIHR ARC) Greater Manchester Mental Health Theme, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Anam BhuttaDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Abigail BrownDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Rebecca L JenkinsDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Andrew GrundyDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlmost all antipsychotics are associated with weight gain. Given the gravity of this side-effect and its consequences, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms involved. One mechanism that could contribute to this side effect is the impact of antipsychotics on eating-related outcomes.

objectiveWe aimed to synthesise the available quantitative research on the effects of first- and second-generation antipsychotics on eating-related outcomes, and qualitative research exploring people's experiences with these medications in relation to appetite and eating behaviours (PROSPERO protocol CRD42022340211).

methodsWe searched Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science from inception to 9 May 2024. Quantitative data were synthesised without meta-analysis using vote counting based on direction of effect. Qualitative data were synthesised using thematic synthesis.

resultsSearches identified 8,746 citations yielding 61 separate studies; 55 quantitative and 6 qualitative, published 1982-2024. Using GRADE, our assessment of the quantitative review findings ranged from low to very low-level certainty. Given the lack of direct evidence from high-quality placebo-controlled trials, it is pertinent to interpret the quantitative findings with caution. Using GRADE-CERQual, our assessment of the qualitative review findings ranged from low to very low-level certainty; these findings suggest that the relationship between antipsychotics and food intake is influenced by an interplay of individual, interpersonal and external factors, the most significant of which is food environment. LIMITATIONS: The internal validity of this review was affected by the serious limitations of the included quantitative studies and the paucity of qualitative evidence. STRENGTHS: We used GRADE and GRADE-CERQual frameworks to enhance the transparency of our judgement of the certainty of the evidence. Lived experience perspectives were incorporated in different stages of the review to enhance its relevance and practical implications.

conclusionsThere is insufficient evidence from well-conducted studies to determine the effect of antipsychotics on eating-related outcomes.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsEatingFeeding BehaviorAppetiteHumansWeight GainAntipsychotic Agents

Identifiers

PMID39899652
PMCPMC11790239

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.