Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39899444›Full record

ReviewEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025

Trends in Alzheimer's-Related Mortality Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in the United States: 1999-2019.

Saad Ahmed Waqas, Dua Ali, Taimor Mohammed Khan, Shaheer Qureshi, Hibah Siddiqui, Maryam Sajid, Zahra Imran, Hussain Salim, Muhammad Umer Sohail, Raheel Ahmed and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Saad Ahmed WaqasDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0008-9051-6081
Dua AliDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Taimor Mohammed KhanDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Shaheer QureshiDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Hibah SiddiquiDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Maryam SajidDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Zahra ImranDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Hussain SalimDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Umer SohailDepartment of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Raheel AhmedNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2814-7314
Shayan MarsiaDepartment of Neurosciences, Corewell Health/Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent research has shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the US aging population. However, trends in mortality from this comorbidity among adults aged ≥ 65 years have not been investigated.

objectivesThis study examined trends and disparities in AD-related mortality among older US adults with T2DM from 1999 to 2019.

methodsData from the CDC WONDER database were analysed to assess AD-related mortality in patients with T2DM aged ≥ 65 between 1999 and 2019. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 people and annual percent change (APC) were calculated and stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, age, urbanisation and geographical region.

resultsFrom 1999 to 2019, there were 71,550 deaths with T2DM and AD among adults aged ≥ 65. AAMRs rose from 4.12 in 1999 to 11.65 in 2019, with the sharpest increase between 2014 and 2017 (APC: 10.81; 95% CI: -3.20 to 13.43). Women had slightly higher AAMRs than men, with rates increasing from 4.71 in 1999 to 11.61 in 2019 for women, and from 4.08 to 11.70 for men. Hispanic individuals saw the highest increase in AAMR (11.15), followed by non-Hispanic Black (9.30) and White populations (7.92). AAMRs were highest in the West (10.91) and the Midwest (9.62), while the Northeast (4.70) had the lowest. Nonmetropolitan areas had consistently higher AAMRs (10.74) than large metropolitan areas (6.68) and small/medium metropolitan areas (9.25). States in the top 90th percentile for T2DM-AD mortality included California, South Dakota and Kentucky, where rates were approximately eight times higher than in states in the lowest 10th percentile.

conclusionsThis study reveals a significant rise in T2DM-AD comorbidity-related mortality among older adults, especially among Hispanics, women and rural residents. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to reduce the burden in vulnerable populations.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedAged, 80 and overComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMortalityUnited StatesAlzheimer's diseasehealth disparitiesmortalitytrendstype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID39899444
PMCPMC11789764

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.