ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2025
Associations Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Frailty: Insights From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian Randomization.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Associations of Frailty Index and Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index With Major Ocular Diseases and Analysis of Component Contributions: A Cross-Sectional Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Frailty-Driven Risk Stratification in Age-Related Ophthalmic Diseases: Thresholds, Precision Screening, and Mendelian Randomization Insights.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To elucidate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and frailty and investigate genetic correlations and causality. Methods: We analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included 1003 individuals with diabetes. DR was evaluated via nonmydriatic retinal imaging, and frailty was measured using a 49-item frailty index. The association between DR and frailty was assessed using survey-weighted logistics regression adjusted for multiple covariates, including age, sex, race, education level, family income-to-poverty ratio, marital status, and Healthy Eating Index. Genetic correlations and causal relationships were investigated through linkage disequilibrium score regression and bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Results: DR was significantly associated with higher odds of frailty after full adjustment (odd ratio [OR] = 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-16.67; P = 0.040). The association was robust and did not significantly differ across age (P interaction = 0.080), sex (P interaction = 0.216), or race (P interaction = 0.749) groups. DR exhibited a moderate but significant genetic correlation with frailty (rg = 0.27, standard error = 0.04; P = 2.43 × 10-10). Genetically inferred DR was significantly associated with a greater frailty index (β = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05; P < 0.001), whereas frailty was not associated with DR risk (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.80-1.81; P = 0.376). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DR is associated with an increased risk of frailty, indicating that DR not only impairs vision but also accelerates physical decline. Translational Relevance: This study highlights the critical need for integrated care approaches that incorporate frailty screening and proactive management in individuals with DR to prevent further health deterioration and improve both quality of life and long-term outcomes.
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