Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39898235›Full record

Article3 Biotech2025

Drug-loaded liposomes for macrophage targeting in

Ridahunlang Nongkhlaw, Ridaphun Nongrum, Jaganath Arunachalam, Nitin Pal Kalia, Puja Kumari Agnivesh, Rishanlang Nongkhlaw

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in 3 Biotech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ridahunlang NongkhlawCentre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
Ridaphun NongrumDepartment of Chemistry, Sankardev Shillong, Bishnupur, India.
Jaganath ArunachalamDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Trichy, India.
Nitin Pal KaliaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana India.
Puja Kumari AgniveshDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana India.
Rishanlang NongkhlawCentre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.ORCID 0009-0002-3966-0877

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates drug-loaded liposomes targeting macrophages as a promising strategy to enhance Tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The focus is on optimizing liposomal formulations for encapsulating OX-23, a previously identified anti-mycobacterial agent with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56 µg/ml, and assessing their efficacy in macrophage infection models. Liposomal formulations were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential using dynamic light scattering (DLS), with morphology analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Macrophage infection assays, including those with the THP-1 macrophage cell line, were performed to evaluate the targeting efficiency and therapeutic potential of the formulations. Results showed that OX-23 could be successfully encapsulated in liposomes with various charges, achieving high encapsulation efficiency, optimal particle size, and acceptable PDI values. In-vitro studies with the THP-1 cell line demonstrated sustained release of the drug from the liposomes, with morphological analysis confirming that the liposomes were spherical and non-aggregated. The formulations exhibited significant penetration into infected macrophages and effectively inhibited the growth of intracellular

Indexed as

Drug deliveryLiposomesMacrophagesOX-23Tuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID39898235
PMCPMC11782762

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.