ArticleiScience2025
Energy expenditure and slow-wave sleep in runners: Focusing on reproductive function, chronic training, and sex.
Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Resting metabolic rate fluctuations across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Running Distance Is Associated With Components of Total Energy Expenditure in Amenorrhoeic and Non-Amenorrhoeic Endurance Runners.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This comparative study focused on chronic exercise training, menstrual cycle, menstruation, and sex related with slow-wave sleep and energy expenditure (EE) during sleep in runners and controls. Participants included 26 highly trained runners (9 males, 8 amenorrheic females, and 9 menstruating females) and 20 controls (10 males and 10 menstruating females) aged 21 ± 2 years. Sleeping metabolic rate and EE during slow-wave sleep were 2.7% and 3.9% higher in the luteal than the follicular phase for female runners. Significant interactions were found between the 8-h time course adjusted EE and menstruation, exercise training, and sex. Sleep stage durations did not differ between groups. Interestingly, amenorrheic runners did not suppress sleeping and overnight metabolic rates, suggesting that EE in sleep may not be a causative factor for amenorrhea in runners. This study highlights the complex relationship between chronic exercise, menstrual cycle, and sex on EE during sleep.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.