ArticleHeliyon2025
ISCOM-type matrix from beta-escin and glycyrrhizin saponins.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Elicitation of an Antigen-Specific Antibody Immune Response Using a Nanoparticulate Adjuvant Derived fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and aims: Nanotechnology provides the opportunity for construction of modern transport devices such as nanoparticles for a variety of applications in the field of medicine. A novel experimental protocol for the formation of saponin-cholesterol-phospholipid nanoparticles of vesicular structure has been developed and applied to prepare stable nanoparticles using escin or glycyrrhizin as saponins. Methods: The methods for nanoparticle construction include a sonication at 90 °C of the initial mixture of components, followed by an additional sonication on the next day for incorporation of an additional amount of cholesterol, thus forming stable unilamellar vesicles. Tests and assays for cell viability, erythrocyte hemolysis, flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscopy analyses have been performed. Results: By selecting appropriate component ratios, stable and safe particles were formulated with respect to the tested bio-cells. The prepared nanoparticles have mean diameter between 70 and 130 nm, depending on their composition. The versatility of these nanoparticles allows for the encapsulation of various molecules, either within the vesicle interior for water-soluble components or within the vesicle walls for hydrophobic components. The saponin particles formed after cholesterol post-addition (E3-M2) are stable and 100 % of the cells remain viable even after 10-times dilution of the initial particle suspension. These particles are successful included into isolated mouse macrophages. Conclusions: Among the variety of generated nanoparticles, the E3-M2 particles demonstrated properties of safe and efficient devices for future vaccine design and antigen targeting to immune system.
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Registered trials
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