ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
IgG4-mediated M2 macrophage polarization in tertiary lymphoid structures of esophageal cancer: implications for immunosuppression.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- TLS as Predictors and Targets in Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Selective Targeting of Immune Checkpoints HLA-G and CD47 Using Novel Dual Signaling Protein DSP216 Promotes Innate Anticancer Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and their correlation with immune infiltration.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- A Hypoxia and Immune Escape-Related Gene Signature for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: An Integrated Bioinformatics Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Exploratory characterization of IgG1/IgG4 glycosylation and monocyte-derived dendritic cell responses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The multidimensional regulatory network of the PD‑1/PD‑L1 axis in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: Implications for novel combination therapies and precision immunotherapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and Organ-Associated Lymphangiogenesis in Tumor Microenvironment.Cells · 2025Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: spatiotemporal heterogeneity, immune orchestration, and translational opportunities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota and Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Immune Checkpoint Resistance.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Engineering CAR-T cells for solid tumors: bispecific antigen targeting, tumor microenvironment modulation, and toxicity control.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures correlate with the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in esophageal cancer: a novel target for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Increased IgG4 expression within tertiary lymphoid structures of esophageal cancer and implications for prognosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Intra-tumor heterogeneity-resistant gene signature predicts prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- B cell phenotypes and antibody signatures associate with interpatient variation in the lung adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Our previous research highlighted the potential role of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in mediating immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the TME have important immune-related functions. This study aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of IgG4-expressing cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and M2-type macrophages as well as to elucidate the relationship between IgG4 and the polarization of M2 macrophages within TLS in esophageal cancer. Object: To elucidate the distribution of IgG4, Treg cells, and M2 macrophages in TLS and to assess the impact of IgG4 on macrophage polarization. Methods: Esophageal cancer tissue were analyzed with multiplex immunofluorescence to determine the spatial distribution and density of B cells, T cells, and their subtypes. The relationship between IgG4 and CD8+ T cells in TLS, along with interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression and Treg presence, was studied. Serum IgG4 and IL-10 levels were compared between patients and healthy controls. Results: IgG4 density was inversely related with CD8+ T cells in mature TLS indicating a potential immunosuppressive role (P<0.05,*). Serum analysis revealed that both IgG4 (P<0.01, **) and IL-10 (P<0.0001, ****) were significantly elevated and positively correlated in tumor patients compared to controls (P<0.01, **). Conclusion: IgG4 and IL-10 may contribute to immunosuppression in esophageal cancer by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages within TLS, which could be a therapeutic target.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.