ReviewAllergy, asthma & immunology research2025
Personalized Medicine in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Treatable Traits Using Biologics for Unmet Needs.
Review in Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical and immunologic features of adult primary antibody deficiency according to IVIGRT exposure.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- IL-5Rα-Mediated Signaling in Eosinophils May Contribute to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.Journal of rhinology : official journal of the Korean Rhinologic Society · 2026Article
- Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of Omalizumab in Concomitant Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Real-World Exploratory Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent airway disease, leading to health, social, and economic burdens, and substantially impairs quality of life. As CRS is heterogeneous and contains diverse pathogenesis, treatment outcomes and prognosis vary from curative to intractable. Inflammatory endotypes of CRS are divided into 3 types-type 1, type 2 and type 3-based on cytokines promoted. Tissue/blood eosinophilia seems to be the most reliable and feasible biomarker for type 2 CRS in clinical settings, although the cutoff level of eosinophilia remains to be elucidated. In East Asia, the predominant pathogenesis has changed from neutrophilic type 3 inflammation to eosinophilic type 2 inflammation over the past decades. The treatment strategy for CRS has also evolved from classical phenotype-based "reliever-controller" treatment to endotype-based "treatable traits" treatment. "Treatable traits" treatment is a personalized approach for the management of airway disease with complex and heterogeneous conditions. In CRS, traits can be grouped into sinonasal, extra-nasal and risk factor/behavioral domains. Type 2 CRS is one of the sinonasal traits, and biologics targeting immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-5 and its receptor, IL-4/IL-13 receptor (IL-4/IL-13R) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are the corresponding treatments for this trait. Proper use of these biologics can achieve high efficacy with patient satisfaction, leading to clinical remission. However, some cases show marked hypereosinophilia after the reduction or discontinuation of systemic corticosteroid or the switching of biologics from anti-IL-5/IL-5R to anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody. More precise research on CRS targeting endotype, genotype, regiotype and theratype is needed to address the unmet needs and refine the "treatable traits" treatment of CRS.
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Registered trials
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