Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39895151›Full record

ArticleThe Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology2025

Geospatial Determinants of Maternal Overweight, Gestational Diabetes and Large for Gestational Age Birthweight in Melbourne During and After COVID-19 Lockdowns.

Melvin B Marzan, Daniel L Rolnik, Jason Jiang, Joanne M Said, Kirsten R Palmer, Stephanie Potenza, Natasha Pritchard, Clare L Whitehead, Penelope M Sheehan, Jolyon Ford and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Melvin B MarzanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2696-7335
Daniel L RolnikDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Jason JiangSchool of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Joanne M SaidDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6263-0030
Kirsten R PalmerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-7421-6291
Stephanie PotenzaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6546-1527
Natasha PritchardDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7388-2193
Clare L WhiteheadDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8267-1630
Penelope M SheehanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2753-5243
Jolyon FordDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
Ben W MolDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8337-550X
Susan P WalkerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9075-4655
Lisa HuiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9720-3562

Funding

Norman Beischer Medical Research FoundationUniversity of Melbourne
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResearch has linked postcode-level sociodemographic, food and built environment factors to maternal and perinatal outcomes like overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m MATERIALS AND

methodsWe analysed birth records from 12 public maternity hospitals in Melbourne, integrating postcode-level environmental indicators. Spatial regression models assessed associations between these indicators and maternal health outcomes, distinguishing between (a) the COVID-19 lockdown and (b) post-lockdown periods.

resultsWe included 31 083 singleton birth records from 2020 to 2023 across 235 postcodes in Greater Melbourne. The prevalence of maternal overweight, GDM and LGA were 496, 178 and 103 per 1000 births, respectively. Maternal overweight was less prevalent in postcodes with higher median ages and socioeconomic scores, with disparities intensifying during lockdowns. GDM was more common in areas with younger, overseas-born populations, while LGA correlated with higher median age and fewer overseas-born residents. Notably, maternal overweight mediated the effect of socioeconomic status on GDM and LGA.

conclusionsThe prevalence of maternal overweight, GDM and LGA varies significantly across Melbourne, shaped by postcode-level factors. The pandemic lockdown amplified existing health disparities. The food and built-environment factors independently influence maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Indexed as

COVID-19Diabetes, GestationalFetal MacrosomiaOverweightAdultFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyPrevalenceSARS-CoV-2VictoriaAustraliagestational diabetesmacrosomiamaternal and perinatalmelbourneoverweight

Identifiers

PMID39895151
PMCPMC12668887

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.