ArticleBMC oral health2025
The effect of cigarette smoking and heated tobacco products on different denture materials; an in vitro study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Flavored, Blond, and Filterless Cigarette Smoke on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of a Nanohybrid Resin Composite: An in vitro Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
- Comparative Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Heated Tobacco Product Aerosols on Biofilm Production by Respiratory Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study compares the effect of conventional cigarette smoke versus heated tobacco on the discoloration, surface roughness, and bacterial colonization of different oral prosthesis materials. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of one hundred and twenty disc-shaped samples made of four different denture base materials were prepared to represent different denture bases to assess the surface roughness and biofilm formation; group (CA): conventional heat-cured acrylic resin (Acrostone, Egypt), group (FA): flexible acrylic resin (Valplast International Corp, USA), group (TA): heat-cured acrylic resin reinforced with titanium nanoparticles (TA nanoparticles, Nanogate, Egypt), and group (PA): 3D printed acrylic resin (Nexdent, The Netherlands). Another sixty samples of artificial and 3D printed teeth were used to assess the color change: conventional ready-made acrylic resin teeth (Acrostone, Egypt) and 3D-printed acrylic resin teeth (Nexdent, The Netherlands). Each group was further divided according to the smoking method into three subgroups (n = 10): the no-smoking exposure group (C), the conventional smoking exposure group (CS), and the heated tobacco exposure group (HT). A custom-made smoking device was used to perform the experiment. Six hundred cigarettes/heets representing 30 days of medium smoking behavior (20 cigarettes/day) were used. The surface roughness of the disc-shaped samples was measured before and after the experiment using the JITAI8101 surface roughness tester (Beijing Jitai Tech Detection Device Co., Ltd, China), and the color parameters were assessed before and after the experiment using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.01 (VITA shade, VITA made, VITA).
resultsThe results showed that both conventional cigarette smoking and heated tobacco increased the surface roughness of the denture base disc samples. This change was statistically significant in all sample groups. Bacterial accumulation was also increased in all four denture base sample groups, with the heated tobacco causing greater bacterial accumulation than conventional cigarette smoke. Regarding the color change, conventional smoking caused a more significant color change than heated tobacco for both types of teeth used.
conclusionBoth conventional smoke and heated tobacco affect dental materials adversely. Conventional cigarette smoking caused greater surface roughness and discoloration of the samples, while heated tobacco resulted in greater bacterial accumulation of study materials. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Increase dentists' and patients' awareness of the effects of different types of smoke.
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