Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39894679›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2025

The neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns in rural Bangladesh: A prospective cohort study within the Shonjibon trial.

Alexandra Hewish, Michael J Dibley, Shahreen Raihana, Mohammad Masudur Rahman, Sajia Islam, Shams El Arifeen, Tanvir Huda

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Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Alexandra HewishSydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4663-9283
Michael J DibleySydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Shahreen RaihanaSydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Mohammad Masudur RahmanArnold School of Public Health, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Sajia IslamMaternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shams El ArifeenMaternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Tanvir HudaSydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPreterm birth (<37 weeks), low birth weight (2500 g), small-for-gestational-age (birth weight <10th percentile of a given reference), and large-for-gestational-age (birth weight >90th percentile of a given reference) are indicators of vulnerable infants and risk factors for neonatal mortality. We estimated the prevalence and risk of neonatal mortality associated with these phenotypes and their mutually exclusive phenotypes in rural Bangladesh.

methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in five rural districts of Bangladesh using data collected from births in the Shonjibon Trial from 2013 to 2015. We estimated the prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and large-for-gestational-age infants, individually and for mutually exclusive phenotypes, using a combination of these phenotypes. Neonatal mortality associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, large-for-gestational-age, and mutually exclusive phenotypes were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Poisson regression for adjusted relative risks (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

resultsWe included 24,314 live births in this study. The prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and large-for-gestational-age was 26.2%, 22.9%, 41.7%, and 8.2%, respectively. The prevalence of babies born appropriate for gestational age, with term gestation (≥37 weeks) and normal birth weight (≥2500 g) was 33.3%. For individual phenotypes, the neonatal mortality risk was approximately 3-fold for preterm, low birth weight, and large-for-gestational-age newborns and 1.5-fold for small-for-gestational-age newborns compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age, term, and normal birth weight newborns. The risk of neonatal mortality for mutually exclusive phenotypes was highest in small-for-gestational-age, preterm, and low birth weight newborns (aRR = 6.3, 95% CI 4.1-9.6) relative to appropriate for gestational age, term, and normal birth weight newborns.

conclusionsIn rural Bangladesh, most infants are born with one or more vulnerable phenotypes associated with an increased risk of neonatal mortality. Our findings highlight the value of categorising newborns using mutually exclusive vulnerable phenotypes and their neonatal mortality risks, which can be used to tailor interventions to improve survival.

Indexed as

Infant MortalityPremature BirthRural PopulationAdultBangladeshBirth WeightFemaleHumansInfantInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeMalePregnancyPrevalenceProspective Studiesbirth outcomesinfantneonatal mortalitynewbornSouth Asia

Identifiers

PMID39894679
PMCPMC11965014

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.