Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39894616›Full record

ReviewFoot and ankle clinics2025

Standardizing 3 Dimensional Measurements in Foot and Ankle Imaging: A Contemporary Review and Methodological Proposal.

Karen M Kruger, Amy L Lenz, Kevin N Dibbern, Cesar de Cesar Netto, William R Ledoux, Eric D Thorhauer, Arne Burssens, Sorin Siegler, Michael J Rainbow, Lauren Welte and 7 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Foot and ankle clinics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. 3D foot and ankle radiographic measurement toolbox.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Karen M KrugerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; Shriners Children's Chicago, 2211 N. Oak Park Avenue, Chicago, IL 60707, USA. Electronic address: karen.kruger@marquette.edu.
Amy L LenzDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Kevin N DibbernDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
Cesar de Cesar NettoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, 5601 Arrington Park Drive, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA.
William R LedouxDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E. Stevens Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; RR&D Center for Limb Loss and MoBility, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
Eric D ThorhauerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E. Stevens Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Arne BurssensDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Gent 9000, Belgium.
Sorin SieglerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, 3100 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Michael J RainbowDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V9, Canada.
Lauren WelteDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 10-371 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H5, Canada.
Andrew C PetersonDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Michele ConconiDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, Bologna 40132, Italy.
David E WilliamsSchool of Engineering, Cardiff University, 16 the Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
Tom TurmezeiDepartment of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Conley Lane, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK.
Philip HansenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Københaven N, Denmark.
François LintzClinique de L'Union, Centre de Chirurgie de la Cheville et du Pied, Boulevard de Ratalens, Saint Jean 31240, France.
Alberto LeardiniMovement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna 40136, Italy.

Funding

Post-Surgical Form and Function of Planovalgus Foot Deformities in Patients with Cerebral PalsyR01AR083490 · NIAMS · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI Amy L. Lenz · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR083490RRD VA IK6 RX002970
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Increasing utilization of weight-bearing computed tomography and fluoroscopy has driven the need for standardization of 3 dimensional (3D) measurements in the foot and ankle. These emerging imaging modalities are currently used to evaluate foot and ankle conditions including ankle osteoarthritis, progressive collapsing foot deformity, midfoot instability, and hallux valgus. This study aims first to provide a comprehensive review of clinical studies that have utilized these 3D methodologies. As a second goal, this study presents the methodological approach proposed by an international task force of experts toward addressing those concerns to provide validated guidelines for 3D static and dynamic measurements.

Indexed as

AnkleAnkle JointFootImaging, Three-DimensionalFluoroscopyHumansTomography, X-Ray ComputedCoordinate systemHallux valgusProgressive collapsing foot deformitySemiautomated 3D measurementsWeight-bearing CT

Identifiers

PMID39894616
PMCPMC11788574

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.